Participles and Participial Phrases Flashcards

Participles can be located in three places in the sentence: Sentence Opener, _____, and Sentence Closer.

What is a participle?

Present participles end in -ed.

What do past participles usually end in?

What is a participial phrase?

What is a present perfect participle?

What does an absolute phrase consist of?

If the participle phrase comes at the beginning of the sentence, use a comma _____ the phrase and before the independent clause.

If the participle phrase comes at the end of the sentence, use a comma _____ the phrase and after the independent clause.

If the participial phrase splits the subject and verb, use commas around it if the phrase is _____ (means same thing as non-restrictive).

What is a phrase or clause that is necessary for understanding of the sentence called?

What is a non-essential or non-restrictive phrase?

Verbal and Its Functions

A verbal is a verb form serving as a different part of speech, such as participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

Locations of Participles

Participles can appear in three ways within a sentence:
- As a sentence opener.
- Splitting the subject and verb.
- At the end of a sentence.

Definition of a Participle

A participle acts as an adjective, modifying either a noun or pronoun, and can be positioned before or after the modified word.

Present Participles

Present participles always end in -ing.

Past Participles

Past participles typically end in -d or -ed; however, irregular verbs may have different endings.

Understanding Participial Phrases

A participial phrase consists of a participle along with its modifiers and complements, functioning collectively as an adjective.

Present Perfect Participle

Formed by combining the present participle of "have" with a past participle.

Absolute Phrases

Composed of a noun along with a participle or a participial phrase; absolute phrases are nonessential and can stand alone, often serving to open, interrupt, or conclude sentences.

Comma Usage with Participial Phrases

If a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma is needed after the phrase and before the independent clause.
When a participial phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, place a comma before the phrase and after the independent clause.
When the participial phrase is inserted between the subject and verb, use commas to set it off if it is non-essential.

Essential vs. Non-Essential Phrases

Essential (restrictive) phrases or clauses are critical for understanding the sentence and do not require commas.
Non-essential (non-restrictive) phrases or clauses add extra information and can be removed without altering the sentence's meaning; these require commas for separation.

Test your understanding of participles and participial phrases with these informative flashcards. Learn the different roles participles can play within sentences, along with their definitions and examples. Perfect for students looking to enhance their grammatical skills.