Parkinson's Disease Treatment Overview

<p>It stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ropinirole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyridoxine can enhance the peripheral metabolism of L-DOPA, reducing its effectiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomorphine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-DOPA can cause the formation of toxic byproducts that damage brain cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irreversible inhibition of MAO-B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8-12 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transdermal patch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MPTP-induced Parkinsonism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual hallucinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delays absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrier-mediated transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal involuntary movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenothiazines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rotigotine Neupro® (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of Rotigotine with L-DOPA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both medications are selective for D2 receptors, but Rotigotine also interacts with D1 and D3 receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of D2 receptors in the brainstem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of MAO-A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short half-life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L-DOPA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pramipexole Mirapex® (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for skin irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain foods may increase the risk of side effects with Selegiline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid degradation by decarboxylase enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and peripheral tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayed absorption and reduced peak plasma concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport via a neutral amino acid transporter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors to L-DOPA over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac arrhythmia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenothiazines can decrease the effectiveness of L-DOPA by blocking dopamine receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is synthesized as a byproduct of certain illicit drug manufacturing processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent the breakdown of dopamine in the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbidopa inhibits the peripheral decarboxylation of L-DOPA, increasing the amount of L-DOPA reaching the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both are ergot alkaloid derivatives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomorphine stimulates dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia, directly increasing dopamine signaling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ropinirole has a lower risk of causing dyskinesia compared to L-DOPA. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine agonists can prevent the progression of Parkinson's disease by slowing down dopamine depletion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbidopa inhibits the peripheral decarboxylation of L-DOPA, allowing more L-DOPA to reach the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hallucinations and paranoid delusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomorphine provides immediate relief by stimulating dopamine receptors, helping manage fluctuations in dopamine levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyridoxine is a key cofactor for L-Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase, and its intake should be limited in patients taking L-DOPA alone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Four key symptoms: Bradykinesia, Rigidity, Tremors, Postural Abnormalities.

Slowness of movement, a key feature of Parkinson's Disease.

A neurotoxin that causes symptoms similar to Parkinson’s Disease.

Primary treatment for Parkinson's; replaces dopamine in the brain.

Drugs that mimic dopamine's effect in the brain.

Medications that prolong dopamine action by inhibiting its breakdown.

Part of treatment; reduces muscle activity to help manage Parkinson's symptoms.

Food can delay L-DOPA absorption and peak effect by 30%.

A range of mental health issues including hallucination, paranoia, and anxiety.

A drug used to enhance the effectiveness of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease.

An enzyme that carbidopa inhibits, crucial for L-DOPA metabolism.

A dopamine agonist used to treat Parkinsonism and induces vomiting for overdoses.

An ergot alkaloid dopamine agonist with side effects like dizziness and hallucinations.

A more potent full agonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors than bromocriptine.

A specific D2 agonist with fewer side effects than ergot derivatives.

A drop in blood pressure when standing up quickly, causing dizziness or fainting.

A selective D2 receptor agonist used in Parkinson's disease and RLS with 90% bioavailability.

A transdermal dopamine agonist for Parkinson's, mimicking dopamine's conformation.

An irreversible MAO-B inhibitor, derivative of L-Methamphetamine, used in Parkinson's treatment.

Method by which Rotigotine is administered through the skin.

8-12 hours; duration Pramipexole remains active in the body.

Four key features of Parkinson’s: Bradykinesia, Rigidity, Tremors, and Postural Abnormalities.

Stiffness in muscles commonly seen in Parkinson’s patients.

Involuntary shaking that occurs when muscles are at rest in Parkinson's disease.

Rate of L-DOPA absorption is affected by food, gastric emptying, and pH levels.

Process where L-DOPA gets converted before reaching the brain; < 1% reaches CNS.

Can occur especially early in treatment; taking with food helps reduce it.

May cause abnormal involuntary movements due to dopamine concentration changes.

Suppressing acetylcholine is a treatment strategy to manage Parkinson’s symptoms.

Part of carbidopa that makes it an irreversible inhibitor of L-Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase.

Before carbidopa, Parkinson's patients limited pyridoxine to reduce L-DOPA metabolism.

Medications like apomorphine that stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain.

Part of the brain stimulated by apomorphine to induce vomiting in overdose cases.

Includes dizziness, nausea, hallucinations, and dyskinesia.

A more potent full agonist at D1 and D2 than bromocriptine.

A specific D2 agonist used for Parkinson's and Restless Leg Syndrome.

A potential side effect of ropinirole, leading to sudden sleep episodes.

Symptoms include dizziness or fainting when standing too quickly.

Enhances L-DOPA effectiveness by inhibiting its peripheral metabolism.

Pramipexole has a bioavailability of 90%, meaning it's highly absorbed in the body.

Rotigotine has a rigid structure that mimics dopamine, allowing it to act as an agonist.

Rotigotine is metabolized by conjugation, sulfate, and glucuronidation, mainly after transdermal application.

Rotigotine is delivered through patches, releasing 45% of content over 24 hours.

Common side effects of Rotigotine include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and insomnia.

Selegiline is an irreversible MAO-B inhibitor, prolonging dopamine action by preventing its breakdown.

Pramipexole can be used as a first-line treatment in place of L-DOPA for Parkinson's disease.

D2 agonists like Rotigotine may cause sudden sleep episodes during normal activities.

Rotigotine shows partial selectivity for D2 receptors among its agonist activities.