15 Questions
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Rigidity = Increased resistance to passive motion regardless of movement velocity Cogwheel rigidity = Jerky, ratchet-like resistance to passive movement with muscles alternately tensing and relaxing Lead pipe rigidity = Sustained resistance to passive movement in all directions with no fluctuations Asymmetrical rigidity = Rigidity often affecting one side of the body more than the other, especially in the early stages of PD
Match the following body areas with their typical progression of rigidity in PD:
Proximal muscles = Typically affected first, especially the shoulders and neck Muscles of the face and extremities = Progressively involved as rigidity advances Left or right side = May be initially affected, eventually spreading to involve the whole body Whole body = Eventually affected as rigidity progresses
Match the following factors with their impact on rigidity:
Active movement, mental concentration, or emotional stress = May all increase rigidity Prolonged rigidity = Results in decreased range of motion (ROM) and serious secondary complications of contracture and postural deformity Spinal stretch reflexes = Are normal despite the presence of rigidity Task, amplitude, or speed of movement = Do not affect the constant nature of rigidity
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Heaviness and stiffness = Frequently complained by patients experiencing rigidity Postural deformity = Serious secondary complication resulting from prolonged rigidity Secondary complications of contracture = Result from prolonged rigidity and decreased range of motion (ROM) Decreased ability to move easily = Caused by increased rigidity
Match the following terms with their characteristics:
Lead pipe rigidity = Characterized by sustained resistance to passive movement in all directions with no fluctuations Cogwheel rigidity = Characterized by jerky, ratchet-like resistance to passive movement as muscles alternately tense and relax Spinal stretch reflexes = Remain normal despite the presence of rigidity Rigidity progression in PD = Typically starts with proximal muscles and progresses to involve muscles of the face and extremities
What is the purpose of using a stopwatch in the assessment of bradykinesia?
To quantify detectable slowing of movement and reaction time
Which of the following is an example of a rapid alternating movement (RAM) test for assessing bradykinesia?
Repeated opposition of the forefinger and thumb
How can tremors interfere with functional tasks in patients with Parkinson's disease?
By preventing completion of functional tasks
In patients with bradykinesia, what can be expected to be impaired in terms of motor tasks?
Dexterity in complex motor tasks
How can timed tests for rapid alternating movements (RAM) help in assessing bradykinesia?
By quantifying detectable slowing of movement
Which of the following best describes the impact of bradykinesia on movements in later stages?
Movements decrease in amplitude and become arrhythmic
What can be used to quantify detectable slowing of movement in patients with bradykinesia?
Stopwatch for movement time
Which of the following is an example of a rapid alternating movement (RAM) test for assessing bradykinesia?
Tapping the foot rhythmically
How can tremors interfere with functional tasks in patients with Parkinson's disease?
By causing impairment in completing functional tasks
What is the impact of rigidity on the progression of upper extremity (UE) functional skills in patients with Parkinson's disease?
It impairs UE functional skills such as drinking and writing
Test your knowledge of rigidity, a clinical hallmark of Parkinson's Disease characterized by increased resistance to passive motion. Learn about the terms cogwheel and lead pipe used to describe rigidity in patients.
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