Parkinson's Disease Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary treatment for Parkinson's Disease that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to dopamine?

  • Carbidopa
  • Pramipexole
  • Entacapone
  • Levodopa (correct)

    • Bradykinesia refers to rapid movements in Parkinson's Disease.

    False

    Name one common symptom of Parkinson's Disease that affects writing.

    Handwriting changes

    The drug combination of _____ and _____ is commonly prescribed for Parkinson's Disease.

    <p>carbidopa, levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Parkinson's Disease symptoms with their descriptions:

    <p>Tremor = Worsens at rest and is common in upper extremities Rigidity = Stiffness and resistance to movement Bradykinesia = Extremely slow movements Monotone voice = Lack of variation in vocal pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a symptom of Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Heightened facial expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entacapone blocks the breakdown of dopamine, prolonging the effects of carbidopa/levodopa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized for a Parkinson's Disease patient during meals to prevent choking?

    <p>Aspiration precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended to prevent increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Restraining the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased ICP can be managed by assessing respiratory status.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three signs and symptoms of encephalitis.

    <p>Fever, headache, confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During seizure precautions, it is important to keep the patient in a __________ position.

    <p>safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their symptoms:

    <p>Encephalitis = Delirium, agitation Increased ICP = Headache, confusion Disuse Syndrome = Muscle weakness, pressure ulcers Guillain-Barré Syndrome = Progressive muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of immobility that must be monitored for?

    <p>Pooling of pulmonary secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preventing increased ICP includes avoiding coughing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment focus in managing symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

    <p>Symptom management and monitoring respiratory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is primarily used as a dopaminergic agent for Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Levodopa-carbidopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amphetamines can be used to manage weight loss, ADHD, and narcolepsy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of dopamine receptor agonists used for Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>N/V, orthostatic hypotension, dark urine, dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medication __________ is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by increasing acetylcholine levels.

    <p>Donepezil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medications with their respective uses:

    <p>Methylergonovine = Vascular disorders prevention Modafinil = Narcolepsy Entecapone = Dopaminergic response enhancement Pramipexole = Restless leg syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of taking more than 200 mg of medication in 24 hours?

    <p>Increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients taking beta blockers can experience tachycardia as a side effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of immunomodulators in multiple sclerosis treatment?

    <p>To modify the immune response and reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Progressive degenerative disorder affecting the basal ganglia, leading to loss of coordination and involuntary motor control.
    • Caused by dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia.

    Signs and Symptoms

    • Tremor: Most common in upper extremities, worsening at rest, with pill-rolling motion.
    • Rigidity: Stiffness in limbs.
    • Bradykinesia: Extremely slow movements, leading to loss of dexterity and power.
    • Additional symptoms include aching, monotone voice, altered handwriting, drooling, reduced facial expressions, rhythmic head nodding, reduced blinking, and slumped posture.
    • Associated mental health concerns: depression and dementia.

    Medical Treatment

    • Non-pharmacological interventions include massage, heat, exercise, and gait retraining.

    Drug Therapy

    • Dopamine Receptor Agonists: Examples include pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinirole (Requip), critical for maximizing dopamine effects.
    • Levodopa (L-dopa): Key medication, crosses the blood-brain barrier and converts to dopamine; often used in combination with carbidopa.
    • Carbidopa: A decarboxylase inhibitor to prevent levodopa breakdown outside the basal ganglia; often paired as carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet).
    • Entacapone (Comtan): Used adjunctively to prolong carbidopa/levodopa's effectiveness.

    Patient Interventions

    • Encourage patient independence with support as needed.
    • Engage physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and speech therapy (ST).
    • Implement fall precautions and aspiration precautions, including positioning during meals and food modifications.
    • Alzheimer's Disease: Characterized by acetylcholine deficiency and neuronal damage, treated with donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine, and memantine (Namenda).
    • Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Involves immunomodulators like interferon and immunosuppressants like mitoxantrone.
    • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Managed with stimulants (amphetamines) and non-stimulants (methylphenidate), with attention to potential for abuse and side effects.

    General Patient Care Considerations

    • Monitor for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in various neurologic conditions.
    • Manage mobility-related complications, such as disuse syndrome, and implement seizure precautions as needed.
    • Maintain effective communication and education about medications and lifestyle adjustments to optimize patient outcomes.

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    Description

    Explore the key aspects of Parkinson's Disease, a progressive degenerative disorder affecting the basal ganglia. This quiz covers symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, as well as the underlying loss of dopamine that contributes to these motor control issues.

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