Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which symptom indicates a lower motor neuron (LMN) issue?
Which symptom indicates a lower motor neuron (LMN) issue?
What is a characteristic of motor unit action potentials in affected motor neurons?
What is a characteristic of motor unit action potentials in affected motor neurons?
Which condition often presents with random laughter or crying without obvious reason?
Which condition often presents with random laughter or crying without obvious reason?
In motor neuron conditions, what typically does not show any change?
In motor neuron conditions, what typically does not show any change?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine extensor weakness?
Which of the following is a common symptom of cervical spine extensor weakness?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition might make climbing stairs easier than walking for some individuals with PD?
What condition might make climbing stairs easier than walking for some individuals with PD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is characterized by a decreased volume of speech?
Which symptom is characterized by a decreased volume of speech?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common consequence of disuse and inactivity in individuals with PD?
Which of the following is a common consequence of disuse and inactivity in individuals with PD?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the condition of extreme restlessness often seen in individuals with PD?
What term describes the condition of extreme restlessness often seen in individuals with PD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common autonomic change in those with PD?
Which of the following is a common autonomic change in those with PD?
Signup and view all the answers
What posture is often seen in individuals with PD due to weak antigravity muscles?
What posture is often seen in individuals with PD due to weak antigravity muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following effects can lead to decreased endurance in individuals with PD?
Which of the following effects can lead to decreased endurance in individuals with PD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered uncommon in individuals with PD?
Which of the following is considered uncommon in individuals with PD?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes lead-pipe rigidity?
What characterizes lead-pipe rigidity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following terms describe the inability to initiate movement?
Which of the following terms describe the inability to initiate movement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of festinating gait?
What is a characteristic of festinating gait?
Signup and view all the answers
Which movement difficulty is associated with akinesia in later stages of Parkinson's disease?
Which movement difficulty is associated with akinesia in later stages of Parkinson's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What might be an effective treatment for someone with a forward festinating gait?
What might be an effective treatment for someone with a forward festinating gait?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a symptom of postural instability?
Which of the following is a symptom of postural instability?
Signup and view all the answers
In postural instability, which postural change is often seen?
In postural instability, which postural change is often seen?
Signup and view all the answers
What does freezing of gait refer to?
What does freezing of gait refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary neurotransmitter depleted in Parkinson disease?
What is the primary neurotransmitter depleted in Parkinson disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is associated with Parkinson disease?
Which of the following symptoms is associated with Parkinson disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in neurons in Parkinson disease?
Which term describes the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in neurons in Parkinson disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the 'R' in the mnemonic 'TRAP' stand for regarding Parkinson disease symptoms?
What does the 'R' in the mnemonic 'TRAP' stand for regarding Parkinson disease symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
In early stages of Parkinson disease, rigidity is typically characterized by which of the following?
In early stages of Parkinson disease, rigidity is typically characterized by which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic feature of cogwheel rigidity found in Parkinson disease?
What is a characteristic feature of cogwheel rigidity found in Parkinson disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a known etiology of Parkinson disease?
Which of the following is NOT a known etiology of Parkinson disease?
Signup and view all the answers
When do symptoms typically appear in individuals with Parkinson disease?
When do symptoms typically appear in individuals with Parkinson disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common characteristic of restrictive lung disease?
What is a common characteristic of restrictive lung disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered the gold standard drug for treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease?
What is considered the gold standard drug for treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by poor dual-tasking ability?
What condition is characterized by poor dual-tasking ability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT an early sign of Parkinson's disease?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT an early sign of Parkinson's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What should caregivers focus on for maintaining safety during ambulation in Parkinson's disease patients?
What should caregivers focus on for maintaining safety during ambulation in Parkinson's disease patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common cause of death in patients with restrictive lung disease?
What is a common cause of death in patients with restrictive lung disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is essential to assess before examination or treatment in a Parkinson's disease patient?
What is essential to assess before examination or treatment in a Parkinson's disease patient?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be avoided when addressing festinating gait in Parkinson's disease?
What should be avoided when addressing festinating gait in Parkinson's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by sudden, violent, and large-amplitude flailing motions on one side of the body?
Which condition is characterized by sudden, violent, and large-amplitude flailing motions on one side of the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common presentation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
What is a common presentation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of movement disorder is characterized by rhythmic, involuntary writhing movements typically affecting the distal upper extremities?
Which type of movement disorder is characterized by rhythmic, involuntary writhing movements typically affecting the distal upper extremities?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle activity is associated with hyperkinesia?
What type of muscle activity is associated with hyperkinesia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes a condition that leads to abnormal posturing or twisting movements due to muscle rigidity?
Which term describes a condition that leads to abnormal posturing or twisting movements due to muscle rigidity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential life expectancy following a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
What is a potential life expectancy following a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area of the body is most commonly affected by hemiballismus?
Which area of the body is most commonly affected by hemiballismus?
Signup and view all the answers
Spasmodic torticollis is associated with which movement disorder?
Spasmodic torticollis is associated with which movement disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Parkinson's Disease (PD)
- Chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder
- Dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia (BG)
- Loss of inhibitory dopamine leads to excessive cholinergic (acetylcholine) output from BG
- Acetylcholine is the main transmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
- Lewy bodies accumulate as the disease progresses
- Etiology includes infection (postencephalitic parkinsonism), atherosclerosis, and idiopathic factors, or drug/toxin-induced
- Parkinsonism shares symptoms with PD but isn't officially diagnosed as such
- Symptoms appear after 40% neuronal damage.
- "TRAP" mnemonic: Tremor (resting, pill-rolling), Rigidity (affects agonist and antagonist muscles), Akinesia/Bradykinesia (difficulty initiating and slow movements), Postural Instability.
- Tremor worsens with stress, often starting in one hand initially.
- Rigidity affects proximal muscles (shoulders, neck) initially, progressing to distal muscles.
- Cogwheel rigidity involves jerky resistance to passive movement.
- Lead-pipe rigidity involves sustained resistance to passive movement.
Parkinson's Disease Continued
- Akinesia means difficulty initiating movement; bradykinesia involves slow movements.
- Freezing episodes (fixed postures) are common symptoms.
- Posture characteristics include thoracic kyphosis, head forward posture, and decreased trunk rotation/arm swing.
- Festinating gait is characterized by a progressive increase in speed with short, shuffling steps.
- General lack of extension and a stooped posture are common.
- Freezing of gait: abrupt inability to initiate movement. Cognitive tasks (e.g., counting) or music can help.
- Hypophonia (decreased speech volume), Mask-like face (hypomimia), dysphasia, and dysarthria can occur in later stages.
- Orthostatic hypotension is a common complaint.
Huntington's Disease (HD)
- An autosomal-dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
- Caused by CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion
- Degeneration of BG and cerebral cortex.
- Typical age of diagnosis is 35-55 years
- Symptoms include Movement disorders(chorea, dystonia), Cognitive decline, and Behavioral changes.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Degeneration of anterior horn cells and corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts.
- Fatal disease, with an average lifespan of 5 years after diagnosis.
- Symptoms are UMN and LMN presentation, without sensory loss; decreased amplitude and duration of motor unit action potentials, no change in sensory evoked potentials; cervical spine extensor weakness; muscle atrophy and fasciculations; spasticity and hyperreflexia. Dysphagia, dysarthria, and pseudobulbar palsy are also common.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamentals of Parkinson's Disease, a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopamine depletion. Learn about its symptoms, etiology, and the TRAP mnemonic to identify the key indicators of this condition. This quiz delves into the mechanisms and impacts of PD on the nervous system.
