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Questions and Answers

Which drug is indicated for orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease patients?

  • Benztropine
  • Droxidopa (correct)
  • Sinemet
  • Levodopa

What is the primary treatment principle for Parkinson's disease?

  • Give a dopamine agonist
  • Give other drugs for specific symptoms
  • Replace dopamine (correct)
  • Give levodopa

Which drug acts like dopamine in the brain?

  • Droxidopa
  • Levodopa (correct)
  • Sinemet
  • Benztropine

Which of the following is a major symptom of Parkinson Disease?

<p>Tremor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Parkinson Disease?

<p>Impaired neurons in the substantia nigra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by Parkinson Disease?

<p>Over 65 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is the most effective agent for improving movement in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Levodopa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used for initial treatment in younger patients with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Amantadine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is FDA-approved to treat hallucinations and delusions in Parkinson's disease?

<p>Pimavanserin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier in the disease process of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major symptoms of Parkinson Disease?

<p>The major symptoms of Parkinson Disease are tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dopamine in Parkinson Disease?

<p>Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that allows smooth, coordinated function of body muscles and movement. In Parkinson Disease, the death or impairment of dopamine-producing cells leads to motor symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is tremor often the first noticeable symptom of Parkinson Disease?

<p>Tremor is often the first noticeable symptom of Parkinson Disease because it appears when the hand is not moving, such as when a person's hand is resting in their lap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of droxidopa (Northera) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

<p>Droxidopa is indicated for orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary treatment principles for Parkinson's disease?

<p>The primary treatment principles for Parkinson's disease include replacing dopamine with levodopa, giving dopamine agonists, and using other drugs for specific symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is levodopa and how does it work in the brain?

<p>Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine that becomes dopamine in the brain. It helps replace the dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some non-motor symptoms that can precede motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease?

<p>loss of smell (anosmia), constipation, sleep difficulties, low mood/depression, and orthostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential complications of using clozapine as an antipsychotic in Parkinson's disease patients?

<p>agranulocytosis, seizures, and metabolic complications such as increased cholesterol and blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential side effects of rapid withdrawal of levodopa or dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease patients?

<p>a condition similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is a life-threatening condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some alternative treatment options for tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease in younger patients?

<p>centrally-acting anticholinergic, amantadine, or selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parkinson disease usually develops after the age of 50.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The substantia nigra is a part of the brain affected by Parkinson disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tremor is the most common symptom of Parkinson disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Droxidopa (Northera) is a drug indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine that becomes dopamine in the brain?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Benztropine is a drug used to treat orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease patients?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease can appear much earlier in the disease process than motor symptoms?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Patients with Parkinson's disease have a high incidence of depression?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Clozapine is the preferred antipsychotic for Parkinson's disease due to a low risk of movement disorders?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Rapid withdrawal of levodopa or dopamine agonists can lead to a life-threatening condition similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their primary usage in treating Parkinson's disease:

<p>Droxidopa (Northera) = Treating orthostatic hypotension Levodopa = Replaces dopamine in the brain Dopamine agonist = Acts like dopamine Benztropine = Treating resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their description in the context of Parkinson's disease treatment:

<p>Dopamine = Neurotransmitter that is replaced or mimicked in primary treatment Orthostatic hypotension = Condition treated by Droxidopa (Northera) Resting tremor = Symptom treated by Benztropine Levodopa = Dopamine precursor used in Sinemet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatment principles with their corresponding explanations:

<p>Giving a precursor to dopamine = This substance becomes dopamine in the brain Giving a dopamine agonist = This substance acts like dopamine Giving other drugs for specific symptoms = For example, benztropine for resting tremor Primary treatment = Replace dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Parkinson Disease symptoms with their descriptions:

<p>Tremor = Often the first noticeable symptom, usually starts in one hand or foot Rigidity = Occurs in legs, arms, trunk and face, leading to a mask-like face Akinesia/Bradykinesia = Lack of or slow start in movement Postural Instability = Imbalance, leading to falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to Parkinson Disease with their meanings:

<p>Dopamine = Neurotransmitter that allows smooth, coordinated function of body muscles and movement Substantia nigra = Part of the brain where neurons die or become impaired in Parkinson Disease Phenothiazines = Class of drugs that can worsen Parkinson Disease symptoms Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) = Used to measure involuntary movements from medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following additional symptoms of Parkinson Disease with their descriptions:

<p>Micrographia = Small, cramped handwriting Shuffling walk, stooped posture = Movement characteristics often seen in patients Muffled speech, drooling, dysphagia = Speech and swallowing difficulties Depression, anxiety = Psychological symptoms, with psychosis possible in advanced disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their primary usage in Parkinson's disease:

<p>Carbidopa/Levodopa = Most effective agent for improving movement Pimavanserin = Treatment of hallucinations and delusions Apomorphine = Treatment of severe freezing episodes Metoclopramide = Can accumulate in elderly patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychiatric conditions with their treatment options in Parkinson's disease:

<p>Depression = SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, dopamine agonist pramipexole Psychosis = Quetiapine, Clozapine, Pimavanserin Off Episodes = High doses of PD drugs and various combinations Movement Disorders = Carbidopa/Levodopa, dopamine agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their side effects in Parkinson's disease:

<p>Quetiapine = Metabolic complications, increased cholesterol and blood glucose Clozapine = Risk of agranulocytosis, seizures and other serious complications Levodopa or dopamine agonists = Risk of condition similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome if rapidly withdrawn Anticholinergics = Considerable side effects, difficult to use in elderly patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following non-motor symptoms with their occurrence in Parkinson's disease process:

<p>Loss of smell = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier Constipation = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier Sleep difficulties = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier Low mood/depression = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier</p> Signup and view all the answers

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