PD Background

<p>Tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired neurons in the substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 65</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amantadine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pimavanserin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major symptoms of Parkinson Disease are tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that allows smooth, coordinated function of body muscles and movement. In Parkinson Disease, the death or impairment of dopamine-producing cells leads to motor symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tremor is often the first noticeable symptom of Parkinson Disease because it appears when the hand is not moving, such as when a person's hand is resting in their lap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Droxidopa is indicated for orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary treatment principles for Parkinson's disease include replacing dopamine with levodopa, giving dopamine agonists, and using other drugs for specific symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine that becomes dopamine in the brain. It helps replace the dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>loss of smell (anosmia), constipation, sleep difficulties, low mood/depression, and orthostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>agranulocytosis, seizures, and metabolic complications such as increased cholesterol and blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a condition similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is a life-threatening condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>centrally-acting anticholinergic, amantadine, or selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Droxidopa (Northera) = Treating orthostatic hypotension Levodopa = Replaces dopamine in the brain Dopamine agonist = Acts like dopamine Benztropine = Treating resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine = Neurotransmitter that is replaced or mimicked in primary treatment Orthostatic hypotension = Condition treated by Droxidopa (Northera) Resting tremor = Symptom treated by Benztropine Levodopa = Dopamine precursor used in Sinemet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giving a precursor to dopamine = This substance becomes dopamine in the brain Giving a dopamine agonist = This substance acts like dopamine Giving other drugs for specific symptoms = For example, benztropine for resting tremor Primary treatment = Replace dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tremor = Often the first noticeable symptom, usually starts in one hand or foot Rigidity = Occurs in legs, arms, trunk and face, leading to a mask-like face Akinesia/Bradykinesia = Lack of or slow start in movement Postural Instability = Imbalance, leading to falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine = Neurotransmitter that allows smooth, coordinated function of body muscles and movement Substantia nigra = Part of the brain where neurons die or become impaired in Parkinson Disease Phenothiazines = Class of drugs that can worsen Parkinson Disease symptoms Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) = Used to measure involuntary movements from medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micrographia = Small, cramped handwriting Shuffling walk, stooped posture = Movement characteristics often seen in patients Muffled speech, drooling, dysphagia = Speech and swallowing difficulties Depression, anxiety = Psychological symptoms, with psychosis possible in advanced disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbidopa/Levodopa = Most effective agent for improving movement Pimavanserin = Treatment of hallucinations and delusions Apomorphine = Treatment of severe freezing episodes Metoclopramide = Can accumulate in elderly patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression = SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, dopamine agonist pramipexole Psychosis = Quetiapine, Clozapine, Pimavanserin Off Episodes = High doses of PD drugs and various combinations Movement Disorders = Carbidopa/Levodopa, dopamine agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quetiapine = Metabolic complications, increased cholesterol and blood glucose Clozapine = Risk of agranulocytosis, seizures and other serious complications Levodopa or dopamine agonists = Risk of condition similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome if rapidly withdrawn Anticholinergics = Considerable side effects, difficult to use in elderly patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of smell = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier Constipation = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier Sleep difficulties = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier Low mood/depression = Can precede motor symptoms and may appear much earlier</p> Signup and view all the answers