Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between the effects of ageing and neurodegenerative diseases on the brain?
What is the primary difference between the effects of ageing and neurodegenerative diseases on the brain?
- Ageing causes a loss of nerve cells, while neurodegenerative diseases cause a reduction in dopamine
- Ageing is a heterogeneous group of disorders, while neurodegenerative diseases are a result of a single protein misfolding
- Ageing shrinks nerve cells, but functions are still present, whereas neurodegenerative diseases result in a progressive loss of nerve cells and their functions (correct)
- Ageing affects only memory and motor functions, while neurodegenerative diseases affect the entire central nervous system
Which of the following neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by the degeneration of the peripheral nervous system?
Which of the following neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by the degeneration of the peripheral nervous system?
- Multiple sclerosis (correct)
- Alzheimer's disease
- Huntington's disease
- Parkinson's disease
What is the hallmark event in neurodegenerative diseases?
What is the hallmark event in neurodegenerative diseases?
- Reduction of dopamine in the brain
- Inflammation of the brain tissue
- Demylination of the peripheral nervous system
- Misfolding, aggregation and accumulation of proteins (correct)
Which protein is involved in regulating the movement of the body in Parkinson's disease?
Which protein is involved in regulating the movement of the body in Parkinson's disease?
What is the part of the brain affected in Parkinson's disease?
What is the part of the brain affected in Parkinson's disease?
What is a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases?
What is a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases?
What is responsible for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
What is responsible for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
Which part of the brain is connected to the basal ganglia?
Which part of the brain is connected to the basal ganglia?
What is the main symptom that leads to a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease?
What is the main symptom that leads to a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
What is the term for the slowing of movement in Parkinson's disease?
What is the term for the slowing of movement in Parkinson's disease?
What is the role of the dopamine transporter scan (DaTscan) in diagnosing Parkinson's disease?
What is the role of the dopamine transporter scan (DaTscan) in diagnosing Parkinson's disease?
What is the age range for early onset Parkinson's disease?
What is the age range for early onset Parkinson's disease?
What is the substance that can cause nigrostriatal degeneration?
What is the substance that can cause nigrostriatal degeneration?
What is the result of MPP+ on cellular components?
What is the result of MPP+ on cellular components?
What is the outcome of caspase activation in Parkinson's disease?
What is the outcome of caspase activation in Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary function of the parkin protein encoded by the PARK2 gene in the context of proteinopathies?
What is the primary function of the parkin protein encoded by the PARK2 gene in the context of proteinopathies?
In PD brains, what was observed in the substantia nigra regarding proteasomal components?
In PD brains, what was observed in the substantia nigra regarding proteasomal components?
What is the effect of pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome in wild-type rats?
What is the effect of pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome in wild-type rats?
What is the role of α-synuclein in the context of neuroinflammation?
What is the role of α-synuclein in the context of neuroinflammation?
What is the effect of regular use of ibuprofen on PD risk?
What is the effect of regular use of ibuprofen on PD risk?
What is the hypothesized route of transmission for the ENS-formed α-syn seeds into the brain?
What is the hypothesized route of transmission for the ENS-formed α-syn seeds into the brain?
What is the effect of minocycline on DA cell death in rodent models of PD?
What is the effect of minocycline on DA cell death in rodent models of PD?
What is the primary function of levodopa in pharmacological treatment of PD?
What is the primary function of levodopa in pharmacological treatment of PD?
What is the characteristic of LB-like inclusions observed in mice with proteasomal defects?
What is the characteristic of LB-like inclusions observed in mice with proteasomal defects?
What is the effect of UCH-L1 (PARK5) on proteasomal function?
What is the effect of UCH-L1 (PARK5) on proteasomal function?
Which of the following therapies is NOT mentioned as a supportive therapy for Parkinson's disease?
Which of the following therapies is NOT mentioned as a supportive therapy for Parkinson's disease?
What is the goal of reducing SNCA mRNA through modulating histone deacetylase (HDACs) or RNA interference (RNAi) strategies?
What is the goal of reducing SNCA mRNA through modulating histone deacetylase (HDACs) or RNA interference (RNAi) strategies?
What is the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in reducing aggregation?
What is the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in reducing aggregation?
What is the potential benefit of blocking α-syn entry through receptor blocking?
What is the potential benefit of blocking α-syn entry through receptor blocking?
What is the potential of immunotherapy in relation to α-syn?
What is the potential of immunotherapy in relation to α-syn?
What is the goal of boosting autophagic/lysosomal clearance?
What is the goal of boosting autophagic/lysosomal clearance?
What has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD?
What has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD?
What is the role of PINK1 and parkin in PD?
What is the role of PINK1 and parkin in PD?
What is the effect of MPTP on DA neurons?
What is the effect of MPTP on DA neurons?
What is the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system?
What is the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system?
What is the result of α-synuclein accumulation in mitochondria?
What is the result of α-synuclein accumulation in mitochondria?
What is the role of autophagy-lysosome pathway in protein clearance?
What is the role of autophagy-lysosome pathway in protein clearance?
What is the effect of rotenone on DA neurons?
What is the effect of rotenone on DA neurons?
What is the result of defects in mitochondrial complex-I?
What is the result of defects in mitochondrial complex-I?
What is the association between pesticide exposure and PD?
What is the association between pesticide exposure and PD?
What is the central role of α-synuclein in PD pathogenesis?
What is the central role of α-synuclein in PD pathogenesis?
What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa in the brain?
What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa in the brain?
What is the effect of carbidopa on levodopa?
What is the effect of carbidopa on levodopa?
What is the primary mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?
What is the primary mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?
What is the effect of selegiline on dopamine levels?
What is the effect of selegiline on dopamine levels?
What is the primary mechanism of action of amantadine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of amantadine?
What is the primary indication for adjutant therapy in PD?
What is the primary indication for adjutant therapy in PD?
What is the primary mechanism of action of dopamine agonists?
What is the primary mechanism of action of dopamine agonists?
What is the primary indication for deep brain stimulation in PD?
What is the primary indication for deep brain stimulation in PD?
What is the primary side effect of COMT inhibitors?
What is the primary side effect of COMT inhibitors?
What is the primary mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors?
What is the primary mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors?