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Questions and Answers
What specific group of neurons in the central nervous system is responsible for fine-tuning an organism's movements?
What specific group of neurons in the central nervous system is responsible for fine-tuning an organism's movements?
- Neurons in the ventral midbrain
- Neurons in the basal ganglia
- Neurons in the substantia nigra (correct)
- Neurons in the cerebral cortex
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the interaction between neurons of the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the interaction between neurons of the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia?
- Glutamate
- Serotonin
- Acetylcholine
- Dopamine (correct)
What are the cardinal motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease?
What are the cardinal motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease?
- Ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus
- Hemiballismus, chorea, and dystonia
- Muscle weakness, fasciculations, and spasticity
- Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia (correct)
In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, what is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease?
In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, what is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease?
After Alzheimer's disease, which disorder is considered the second most common neurodegenerative disease?
After Alzheimer's disease, which disorder is considered the second most common neurodegenerative disease?
Which area of the brain is affected by degeneration and loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation in Parkinson's disease?
Which area of the brain is affected by degeneration and loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation in Parkinson's disease?
Which neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the degeneration of striatal neurons and the presence of involuntary jerky movements called chorea?
Which neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the degeneration of striatal neurons and the presence of involuntary jerky movements called chorea?
What is the autosomal dominant trinucleotide repeat found in the gene responsible for Huntington Disease?
What is the autosomal dominant trinucleotide repeat found in the gene responsible for Huntington Disease?
Which phase of Huntington Disease progression is characterized by prominent chorea and dystonia as clinical features?
Which phase of Huntington Disease progression is characterized by prominent chorea and dystonia as clinical features?
What type of protein aggregates are potentially injurious in Huntington Disease?
What type of protein aggregates are potentially injurious in Huntington Disease?
Which area of the brain is affected by degeneration in Huntington Disease?
Which area of the brain is affected by degeneration in Huntington Disease?
What is a common cognitive dysfunction seen in individuals with Huntington Disease?
What is a common cognitive dysfunction seen in individuals with Huntington Disease?
What is the main reason for the mis-folding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein into Lewy Bodies in Parkinson's disease?
What is the main reason for the mis-folding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein into Lewy Bodies in Parkinson's disease?
What is the typical clinical presentation seen in patients with Parkinson's disease?
What is the typical clinical presentation seen in patients with Parkinson's disease?
What is the usual cause of death in patients with Parkinson's disease?
What is the usual cause of death in patients with Parkinson's disease?
What microscopic feature can be observed in the substantia nigra area of a healthy brain?
What microscopic feature can be observed in the substantia nigra area of a healthy brain?
What is the consequence of the loss of substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson's disease?
What is the consequence of the loss of substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson's disease?
What is the main consequence of alpha-synuclein aggregation on neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease?
What is the main consequence of alpha-synuclein aggregation on neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease?
Which gene mutation is associated with ALS pathogenesis?
Which gene mutation is associated with ALS pathogenesis?
What is the main cause of death in ALS patients?
What is the main cause of death in ALS patients?
Which cells are affected in ALS that lead to muscle weakness and wasting?
Which cells are affected in ALS that lead to muscle weakness and wasting?
What specific symptom is characteristic of Wernicke encephalopathy?
What specific symptom is characteristic of Wernicke encephalopathy?
Which region of the spinal cord is primarily affected in subacute combined degeneration?
Which region of the spinal cord is primarily affected in subacute combined degeneration?
What is the main mechanism causing Wernicke encephalopathy?
What is the main mechanism causing Wernicke encephalopathy?
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