Parkinson's Disease and Syndromes Quiz

A series of rhythmic, uniphasic muscle contractions and relaxations.

A type of clonus, with rhythmic monophasic muscle contractions that don't spread.

Arrhythmic, shock-like muscle contractions, brief and asynchronous.

Widespread, rhythmic muscle contractions in many parts of the body.

Arrhythmic loss of sustained posture, muscles relax, allowing movement.

Involuntary blinking or spasms of the eyelid muscles.

Involuntary contractions of the lower eyelid muscles.

Forceful jaw opening with spasms of eyelid and facial muscles.

Neck muscle spasms causing head rotation and retraction.

Hand and forearm muscle spasms during skilled motor acts (like writing).

Surgical opening of the skull.

Bleeding between the dura and skull, commonly due to temporal bone fracture.

Sudden loss of consciousness (LOC), potential lucid interval (brief recovery) and increasing ICP.

High risk of cardiorespiratory arrest and 20% mortality.

Bleeding in the subdural space (between dura and brain), often due to bridging vein rupture.

Rapid LOC, rapid deterioration, possibly lucid interval, herniation potential, increased ICP.

Blood or CSF collection, frequent in elderly or alcoholics.

Reversible, traumatic nervous system paralysis from a blow to the head, mild possible loss of consciousness.

Signs might include acceleration/deceleration forces, brief bradycardia, and amnesia(most reliable indicator).

The brain region supplied by the carotid arteries.

The brain region supplied by the vertebrobasilar arteries.

A network of arteries in the brain providing collateral circulation.

Alternative pathways for blood to reach the brain if a main artery is blocked.

Brain damage due to complete blockage of blood supply to both sides of the brain.

Stroke caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.

Ischemic stroke caused by a stationary blood clot (thrombus).

Ischemic stroke caused by a moving blood clot (embolus).

Small stroke (<1.5cm) affecting subcortical areas.

Stroke caused by bleeding in the brain.

Bleeding within the brain tissue.

Bleeding into the space around the brain.

A weakened blood vessel that bulges or balloons outwards.

An imaging technique to visualize blood vessels in the brain.

A neurological disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics, often including involuntary vocalizations and compulsive obscenities.

A state of motor restlessness, often a side effect of neuroleptic drugs.

Involuntary movements, particularly of the face, mouth, and tongue, caused by long-term use of neuroleptic drugs.

Damage to the brain caused by an external force.

Males are more likely to sustain TBI at all ages.

Alcohol abuse is a significant indirect cause of TBI.

Damage to the brain occurring at the moment of impact. 

Widespread stretching of axons, often caused by rapid brain rotation.

Primary TBI is the initial damage at the time of impact. Secondary effects are subsequent damage due to the initial impact.

Physiological and pathologic processes triggered by initial (primary) injury, leading to further damage.

Blunt trauma to the head without penetrating the skull.

Injury where the skull is penetrated, leading directly to the brain.

Damage to the skull can cause various neurological issues.

Bleeding inside the brain.

Bleeding in the space between the arachnoid and pia mater.

Bleeding between the dura and arachnoid mater.

Bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Strategies to reduce the likelihood of a first-time stroke.

Low-dose aspirin (160-300mg per day) used to prevent blood clots.

Measures taken to reduce the risk of recurrence after a stroke.

Surgical procedure to remove plaque buildup in the carotid arteries.

Imaging technique used to visualize the extent of brain injury in stroke.

Muscle stiffness and uncontrolled movements after stroke.

Treatment to reduce muscle spasms and improve mobility in neurospasticity.

Therapy to retrain the brain to use the affected limb.

Therapy using a treadmill to support the body weight.

Rehabilitation should start after blood pressure (BP) and vital signs (VS) are stabilized.

Treatment focused on language and communication skills for patients with Aphasia.

Procedure for inserting a feeding tube directly into the stomach.

Strategies for managing bowel and bladder function after stroke.

Blood clot in a deep vein, often in the legs.

Compression stockings to prevent DVT by promoting blood circulation.

Complete sensorimotor myelopathy affecting ascending and descending tracts.

A neurological condition combining pain and spinal cord dysfunction.

Hemicord syndrome affecting one side of the spinal cord, causing sensory and motor issues.

Injury to the anterior column of the spinal cord, sparing the posterior column.

A condition characterized by increased muscle stiffness and tightness.

The ability to feel, such as touch, pain, and temperature.

A language disorder affecting the ability to communicate.

Difficulty performing purposeful movements, despite normal motor function.

A condition where a person ignores a part of their visual field.

Difficulty swallowing.

Loss of bladder and bowel control due to neurological issues.

Stroke affecting the middle cerebral artery.

Symptoms of a middle cerebral artery stroke affecting both sides of the body.

Stroke affecting upper part of middle cerebral artery, sparing the legs.

Stroke affecting lower part of middle cerebral artery, mainly ocular findings.

Complete blindness in one eye.

Loss of half the visual field in each eye.

Loss of the contralateral visual field in each eye.

Blindness in the same half of the visual field in both eyes.

Stroke affecting the anterior cerebral artery, usually sparing the hand.

Stroke affecting the posterior cerebral artery, primarily affecting visual pathways.

Difficulty understanding and producing meaningful language.

Inability to recognize emotions.

The initial timeframe after a stroke where treatment is most effective to reduce neural damage.

The brain's ability to maintain a constant blood supply.

Blood flow to the brain.

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

An anticoagulant that reduces blood clotting.