Parenteral Anaesthetics and GAs Mechanism of Action

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Which neural substrate affected by general anaesthetics is responsible for sedation and loss of consciousness?

Hippocampus

Cerebral cortex

Midbrain (correct)

Thalamus

What is the main reason behind the prolonged after effects (hangover) of inhalational general anaesthetics?

Blood-gas partition coefficient

High lipid solubility (correct)

Low lipid solubility

Alveolar ventilation rate

Which factor primarily determines the speed of induction and recovery from general anaesthesia?

Blood-gas partition coefficient (correct)

Alveolar ventilation rate

Oil-gas partition coefficient

Body weight

Which site of action of general anaesthetics is associated with analgesia and pain relay?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic adds flexibility and permits administration of lower doses of inhalational agents?

High potency and rapid onset/reversibility Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes parenteral drug classes from sedative drug classes in terms of administration?

Route of administration Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors do Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines bind to?

GABA receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of GABA binding in the presence of Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines?

Increase Cl- influx Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can block the binding of Benzodiazepines to their receptors?

Flumazenil Signup and view all the answers

At high doses, what additional receptors do Barbiturates block?

NMDA/glutamate receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Benzodiazepines in anesthesia?

Preoperatively for sedation Signup and view all the answers

Why do inhaled anesthetics have faster induction compared to other routes?

Lower blood:gas partial pressure ratio Signup and view all the answers

Why does a less soluble general anesthetic equilibrate more quickly with blood and tissues like the brain?

It has a smaller compartment in blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of faster ventilation rate on the equilibration/induction of anesthesia with general anesthetics?

Speeds up induction Signup and view all the answers

Why does the onset of anesthesia appear slower with more soluble anesthetic gases like halothane compared to less soluble gases like nitrous oxide?

Halothane has a larger compartment in blood Signup and view all the answers

Which anesthetic gas is relatively insoluble based on the blood:gas partition coefficient provided in the text?

Nitrous oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the relative size of the blood compartment in the schematic diagram regarding solubility in blood?

The solubility of the anesthetic gas Signup and view all the answers

Why does it take longer for the blood partial pressure of halothane to rise to the same level as in the alveoli compared to nitrous oxide?