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Which therapeutic agent is known to stimulate bone formation when administered intermittently?
What is the primary action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the kidneys?
What effect does continuous exposure to parathyroid hormone (PTH) have on bone?
What major adverse effect is associated with the use of cinacalcet?
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PTH decreases the reabsorption of which of the following substances?
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Which of the following actions of Vitamin D directly increases calcium levels in the plasma?
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Which agent is classified as an RANK ligand inhibitor that affects calcium homeostasis?
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In which of the following scenarios would calcitriol likely have an effect?
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What is an important role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone metabolism?
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What does activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the parathyroid gland lead to?
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Which agent is primarily used to treat osteoporosis by promoting bone formation?
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What is a major adverse effect associated with Teriparatide treatment?
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How does calcitriol affect calcium homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract?
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Which of the following is true regarding calcimimetics like Cinacalcet?
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What is the effect of continuous exposure to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
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Which statement regarding Vitamin D metabolites is correct?
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Study Notes
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- PTH increases reabsorption of calcium and magnesium in the kidneys.
- PTH also decreases reabsorption of phosphate, bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride in the kidneys.
- PTH promotes both bone formation and bone resorption.
- PTH increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate indirectly by increasing the production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (vitamin D).
- Continuous exposure to PTH leads to net bone resorption.
- Pulsatile exposure to PTH results in net bone formation.
- Teriparatide is a recombinant human PTH agonist that is administered once daily.
- This intermittent exposure of Teriparatide to the body leads to net bone formation.
- Teriparatide is used in the treatment of osteoporosis.
- Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria are the major adverse effects of Teriparatide.
Calcium Sensor Sensitizers (Calcimimetics)
- The parathyroid gland senses calcium via the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR).
- Activation of CaSR reduces the amount of PTH synthesized and released by the gland.
- Cinacalcet (Sensipar) is an oral agent that acts similar to calcium on the CaSR.
- Cinacalcet reduces serum PTH.
- Cinacalcet is used in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal disease.
- Hypocalcemia is the major adverse effect of Cinacalcet.
Vitamin D and Vitamin D Metabolites
- Calcitriol increases plasma levels of both calcium and phosphate by acting on several organ systems.
- Calcitriol increases calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
- Vitamin D mobilizes calcium and phosphate, probably by stimulating calcium flux out of osteoblasts.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- PTH increases calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys.
- PTH increases the production of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (Calcitriol) in the kidneys.
- PTH decreases reabsorption of phosphate, bicarbonate, sodium, and chloride in the kidneys.
- PTH can increase both bone formation and bone resorption.
- Continuous PTH exposure results in net bone resorption.
- Pulsatile PTH exposure results in net bone formation.
- PTH indirectly increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate by increasing the production of 1,25-(OH)2 D3.
Teriparatide
- Teriparatide is a recombinant human PTH that acts as a full PTH agonist.
- Teriparatide is administered parenterally once a day, resulting in net bone formation.
- Teriparatide is used to treat osteoporosis.
- Major adverse effects include hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.
Calcium Sensor Sensitizers (Calcimimetics)
- The parathyroid gland senses calcium via the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR).
- CaSR activation reduces PTH synthesis and release.
- Cinacalcet (Sensipar) is an oral agent that acts like calcium on the CaSR, reducing serum PTH levels.
- Cinacalcet is approved for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal disease.
- Hypocalcemia is the major adverse effect of cinacalcet.
Vitamin D and Vitamin D Metabolites
- Calcitriol increases plasma calcium and phosphate levels by acting on various organs.
- In the intestines, calcitriol increases calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
- In bone, calcitriol mobilizes calcium and phosphate, likely by stimulating calcium flux out of osteoblasts.
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Description
This quiz explores the functions and effects of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in the body, including its role in calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys and bone metabolism. It also covers clinical implications, such as the use of Teriparatide in osteoporosis treatment. Test your knowledge on PTH and its mechanisms!
