33 Questions
What is the effect of PTH on the kidney?
Stimulation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol production
What is the result of increased 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels in the intestinal mucosa?
Increased synthesis of calbindin-D
What is the role of calbindin-D in the intestinal mucosa?
Calcium binding and absorption
What is the ultimate effect of PTH on calcium levels?
Increased calcium absorption
What is the primary function of the parathyroid gland?
Production of hormones that regulate calcium levels
What is the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on calcium levels?
Increased calcium absorption
What is the primary function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
Affecting ovary and testis function
What is the main action of Oxytocin?
Stimulating uterine contractions and smooth muscle contraction in the breast
Hormones that can cross cell membranes bind to receptors located in the:
Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear regions
What is the primary function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?
Stimulating thyroid gland function
Which hormone regulates water conservation at the kidney level?
Arginine vasopressin (ADH)
What is the necessary step for hormones to change the activity of a target cell?
Hormone binding to specific receptors
Where are endocrine glands typically located in the body?
Throughout the body
What is the function of endocrine glands?
To create and secrete hormones
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that travel via the bloodstream
What is the result of hormone binding to a receptor on a target cell?
Changes occur in the activity of enzymes or other proteins or in the expression of genes
What is the typical concentration of hormones in the blood?
Very low
How are hormones often transported in the blood?
Bound to carrier proteins
What is the role of a second messenger in hormone action?
To influence the cell's activities after hormone binding
What is true about the target tissues of some hormones?
Some hormones have one major target tissue, while others have multiple target tissues
What are the cells that respond to hormones called?
Target cells
Where does inactivation of hormones occur?
In the liver, kidney, and sometimes in target tissues
How are steroid hormones inactivated?
By a small change in chemical structure that increases their water solubility
What is the ultimate fate of protein hormones in the body?
They are broken down into amino acids that are reused for protein synthesis
What is the main function of the anterior pituitary gland?
To secrete hormones that control other hormone production
What type of hormones regulate the production of other hormones in the body?
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Which part of the brain is responsible for producing releasing and inhibiting hormones?
Hypothalamus
What is the primary function of releasing and inhibiting hormones?
To stimulate or inhibit hormone production
What is controlled by trophic hormones?
Other hormone production
What type of feedback is involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?
Negative feedback
From where do releasing and inhibiting hormones travel to the pituitary gland?
From the hypothalamus
What is the primary control mechanism for hormone secretion?
Negative feedback
Which type of hormone stimulates the release of ACTH and cortisol from the adrenal gland?
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Learn about the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in calcium absorption, its effects on the kidney and intestinal mucosa, and the resulting increase in calcium levels. Test your knowledge on the physiology of PTH and calcium metabolism.
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