Parathyroid Gland Function and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of hormone comes from amino acids, such as tryptophan or tyrosine?

  • Amines (correct)
  • Peptides
  • Steroids
  • Proteins

Which hormone needs a protein to travel through the cardiovascular system?

  • Thyroid hormone (correct)
  • Estrogen
  • Testosterone
  • Insulin

What kind of system is it when cells secrete a chemical to affect other nearby cells?

  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
  • Paracrine system (correct)
  • Autocrine system

What is the most used second messenger in the cell for carrying the message of amino acid hormones?

<p>cAMP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To maintain homeostasis, which system uses slow-acting hormones and controls reproduction?

<p>Endocrine system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are hormones secreted in the endocrine system?

<p>Through the circulatory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates lactation in women?

<p>Prolactin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus produce to instruct the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of a hormone?

<p>Hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of hormones comes from cholesterol and has longer half-lives?

<p>Steroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

<p>Maintaining homeostasis and reproduction control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light?

<p>Melanin-releasing hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the center of hormone production in the thyroid gland dependent on?

<p>Iodine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to increase sodium levels?

<p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

<p>Increases blood calcium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is caused by too much cortisol due to an adrenal gland problem?

<p>Cushing’s disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by the pineal gland and may affect circadian rhythms?

<p>Melatonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for developing the male reproductive system and causing maturation of sperm cells?

<p>Testosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the pancreas produce to decrease blood glucose levels?

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) do in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?

<p>Inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

<p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibroblast growth factor 23?

<p>Inhibits calcitriol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and regulates bone metabolism?

<p>Osteocalcin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cholecalciferol produced by the skin?

<p>Inactive form of vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone helps develop T lymphocytes and is produced by the thymus?

<p>Thymosins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin like growth factor produced by the liver?

<p>Stimulates bone growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone precursor helps regulate blood pressure?

<p>Angiotensinogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hepcidin, produced by the liver, do?

<p>Blocks release of iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases with aging and can contribute to osteoporosis?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a hormone receptor?

<p>Initiates cellular mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone needs a second messenger system for its action?

<p>Peptide and protein hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an autocrine chemical do?

<p>Elicits a response in the same cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which precursor are steroid hormones derived?

<p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cAMP in hormone action?

<p>Acting as a second messenger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do hormones travel to bind to receptors in the body?

<p>Blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of paracrine chemicals?

<p>Communicate to other local cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of signaling does a chemical elicit a response in the same cell?

<p>Autocrine signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form do steroid hormones primarily travel through the bloodstream?

<p>Bound to transport proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of second messenger systems in hormone action?

<p>Transmit the hormonal signal into the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal cortex and increases blood pressure, sodium levels, and blood flow?

<p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the softening of the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth?

<p>Relaxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid from the stomach?

<p>Gastrin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels and decreasing lipolysis?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the bone marrow?

<p>Erythropoietin (EPO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone binds to brain neurons to promote satiety after a meal and increases hunger if levels are low?

<p>Leptin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is derived from serotonin and influences circadian rhythms through its production in response to low light levels?

<p>Melatonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for developing the male reproductive system, maturing sperm cells, and male secondary sex characteristics?

<p>Testosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to retain sodium and water, thus increasing blood pressure and volume?

<p>Renin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released by the thymus and contributes to maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes?

<p>Thymosins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hormone calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

<p>Decrease blood calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production and maturation of sperm and ova, as well as follicular growth in women?

<p>Prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hormone oxytocin play in the body?

<p>Stimulates lactation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone released by the thyroid gland influences metabolic rate, nutrient breakdown for ATP production, and increases body temperature?

<p>Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hormone Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) released by the posterior pituitary gland?

<p>Stimulates lactation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the hormone Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) have in response to UV light or pregnancy?

<p>Stimulates lactation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for increasing calcium levels in the blood by releasing calcium from bones and inhibiting osteoblasts?

<p>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?

<p>Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones require a second messenger system for their action?

<p>Peptide hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of adenylyl cyclase enzyme in hormone action?

<p>Producing cAMP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating lactation, but only during pregnancy?

<p>Prolactin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?

<p>Decrease calcium absorption in intestines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) released by the posterior pituitary gland?

<p>Promote water reabsorption in kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone has a permissive effect, enabling another hormone to act?

<p>Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a hormone receptor?

<p>To bind to the hormone and initiate cellular mechanisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signaling elicits a response in the same cell?

<p>Autocrine signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hormone oxytocin?

<p>To stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for regulating bone metabolism and is produced by adipose tissue?

<p>Leptin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precursor are steroid hormones primarily derived from?

<p>Cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the hormone Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) in response to UV light or pregnancy?

<p>It stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to retain sodium and water, thus increasing blood pressure and volume?

<p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

<p>Erythropoietin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of signaling does a chemical communicate to other local cells?

<p>Paracrine signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by organs, glands, adipose tissue, and even bone?

<p>Hormones from Endocrine System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cholecalciferol produced by the skin?

<p>Is the inactive form of vitamin D produced by cholesterol exposed to UV radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and regulates bone metabolism?

<p>Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates lactation in women?

<p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to retain sodium and water, thus increasing blood pressure and volume?

<p>Renin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for developing the male reproductive system, maturing sperm cells, and male secondary sex characteristics?

<p>Testosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?

<p>EPO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?

<p>Regulates blood calcium levels and bone metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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