82 Questions
Which type of hormone comes from amino acids, such as tryptophan or tyrosine?
Amines
Which hormone needs a protein to travel through the cardiovascular system?
Thyroid hormone
What kind of system is it when cells secrete a chemical to affect other nearby cells?
Paracrine system
What is the most used second messenger in the cell for carrying the message of amino acid hormones?
cAMP
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water?
Antidiuretic hormone
To maintain homeostasis, which system uses slow-acting hormones and controls reproduction?
Endocrine system
Where are hormones secreted in the endocrine system?
Through the circulatory system
Which hormone stimulates lactation in women?
Prolactin
What does the hypothalamus produce to instruct the anterior pituitary to release or inhibit release of a hormone?
Hormones
Which category of hormones comes from cholesterol and has longer half-lives?
Steroids
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Maintaining homeostasis and reproduction control
Which hormone stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light?
Melanin-releasing hormone
What is the center of hormone production in the thyroid gland dependent on?
Iodine
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to increase sodium levels?
Aldosterone
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
Increases blood calcium levels
Which condition is caused by too much cortisol due to an adrenal gland problem?
Cushing’s disease
What hormone is produced by the pineal gland and may affect circadian rhythms?
Melatonin
Which hormone is responsible for developing the male reproductive system and causing maturation of sperm cells?
Testosterone
What hormone does the pancreas produce to decrease blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) do in response to atrial stretch due to an increase in blood pressure?
Inhibits renin secretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What is the role of fibroblast growth factor 23?
Inhibits calcitriol
Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and regulates bone metabolism?
Osteocalcin
What is the function of cholecalciferol produced by the skin?
Inactive form of vitamin D
Which hormone helps develop T lymphocytes and is produced by the thymus?
Thymosins
What is the role of insulin like growth factor produced by the liver?
Stimulates bone growth
Which hormone precursor helps regulate blood pressure?
Angiotensinogen
What does hepcidin, produced by the liver, do?
Blocks release of iron
Which hormone decreases with aging and can contribute to osteoporosis?
3
What is the main function of a hormone receptor?
Initiates cellular mechanisms
Which type of hormone needs a second messenger system for its action?
Peptide and protein hormones
What does an autocrine chemical do?
Elicits a response in the same cell
From which precursor are steroid hormones derived?
Cholesterol
What is the role of cAMP in hormone action?
Acting as a second messenger
Where do hormones travel to bind to receptors in the body?
Blood
What is the function of paracrine chemicals?
Communicate to other local cells
In which type of signaling does a chemical elicit a response in the same cell?
Autocrine signaling
In what form do steroid hormones primarily travel through the bloodstream?
Bound to transport proteins
What is the primary role of second messenger systems in hormone action?
Transmit the hormonal signal into the cell
Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal cortex and increases blood pressure, sodium levels, and blood flow?
Aldosterone
What hormone is responsible for the softening of the pubic symphysis in preparation for birth?
Relaxin
Which hormone stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid from the stomach?
Gastrin
What hormone is responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels and decreasing lipolysis?
Insulin
Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the bone marrow?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Which hormone binds to brain neurons to promote satiety after a meal and increases hunger if levels are low?
Leptin
Which hormone is derived from serotonin and influences circadian rhythms through its production in response to low light levels?
Melatonin
What hormone is responsible for developing the male reproductive system, maturing sperm cells, and male secondary sex characteristics?
Testosterone
Which hormone triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to retain sodium and water, thus increasing blood pressure and volume?
Renin
What hormone is released by the thymus and contributes to maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes?
Thymosins
What is the function of the hormone calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
Decrease blood calcium levels
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production and maturation of sperm and ova, as well as follicular growth in women?
Prolactin
What role does the hormone oxytocin play in the body?
Stimulates lactation
Which hormone released by the thyroid gland influences metabolic rate, nutrient breakdown for ATP production, and increases body temperature?
Insulin like growth factors (IGFs)
What is the main function of the hormone Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Stimulates lactation
What effect does the hormone Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) have in response to UV light or pregnancy?
Stimulates lactation
Which hormone is responsible for increasing calcium levels in the blood by releasing calcium from bones and inhibiting osteoblasts?
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?
Insulin like growth factors (IGFs)
Which type of hormones require a second messenger system for their action?
Peptide hormones
What is the primary role of adenylyl cyclase enzyme in hormone action?
Producing cAMP
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating lactation, but only during pregnancy?
Prolactin
What is the function of calcitonin released by the thyroid gland?
Decrease calcium absorption in intestines
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
What is the main function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Promote water reabsorption in kidneys
Which hormone has a permissive effect, enabling another hormone to act?
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What is the function of a hormone receptor?
To bind to the hormone and initiate cellular mechanisms
Which type of signaling elicits a response in the same cell?
Autocrine signaling
What is the main function of the hormone oxytocin?
To stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth
Which hormone is responsible for regulating bone metabolism and is produced by adipose tissue?
Leptin
What precursor are steroid hormones primarily derived from?
Cholesterol
What is the effect of the hormone Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) in response to UV light or pregnancy?
It stimulates melanin formation in response to UV light
Which hormone triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to retain sodium and water, thus increasing blood pressure and volume?
Aldosterone
Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?
Erythropoietin
In which type of signaling does a chemical communicate to other local cells?
Paracrine signaling
Which hormone is released by organs, glands, adipose tissue, and even bone?
Hormones from Endocrine System
What is the main function of cholecalciferol produced by the skin?
Is the inactive form of vitamin D produced by cholesterol exposed to UV radiation
Which hormone is produced by adipose tissue and regulates bone metabolism?
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23
What hormone stimulates lactation in women?
Oxytocin
Which hormone triggers the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system to retain sodium and water, thus increasing blood pressure and volume?
Renin
What hormone is responsible for developing the male reproductive system, maturing sperm cells, and male secondary sex characteristics?
Testosterone
Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?
EPO
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PH)?
Regulates blood calcium levels and bone metabolism
What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Test your knowledge on the function and hormones of the parathyroid gland, including parathyroid hormone (PH) and its role in regulating blood calcium levels. Explore disorders like hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism.
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