Parasympathetic Nervous System Overview

<p>Anticholinergic agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotracheal intubation and artificial respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Death due to respiratory depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form stable complexes with organophosphorus compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glaucoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a quaternary amine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miosis and blurred vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Management of glaucoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tacrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is poorly absorbed from the GIT. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With atropine and anticonvulsants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miosis and contraction of ciliary muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholinergic agents are hydrolyzed by cholinesterase enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive stimulation of the cholinergic system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prolong the action of acetylcholine at the synapse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticholinergic delirium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atropine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation via nitric oxide release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bind to the enzyme and hydrolyze slower than acetylcholine.

Natural alkaloid; crosses the blood-brain barrier (toxicity), causing cholinergic syndrome.

Synthetic; doesn't cross blood-brain barrier, topical use.

Disease diagnosed and treated using anticholinesterases like neostigmine

Rapid-acting anticholinesterase; used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis and differentiate from cholinergic crisis.

Condition differentiated from Myasthenia Gravis using Edrophonium.

Anticholinesterase with 100% oral bioavailability and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Used to treat side effects of anticholinesterases.

Rapidly terminated at the postjunctional effector site by acetylcholinesterase.

These drugs permanently bind to cholinesterase, preventing it from breaking down acetylcholine.

Toxicity caused by exposure to organophosphorus compounds, potent cholinesterase inhibitors.

Choline is recaptured by a sodium-coupled, high-affinity uptake system to be used again.

A parasympathetic antagonist used to treat organophosphate poisoning, primarily muscarinic symptoms.

Not absorbed orally due to being a quaternary ammonium compound that's ionized, and cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.

Effects of acetylcholine excess at muscarinic receptors, like pinpoint pupils, increased secretions (e.g., saliva), bronchospasm, vomiting, and low blood pressure.

Hydrolyzed by cholinesterase enzymes, with no reuptake.

Effects of acetylcholine excess at nicotinic receptors, including muscle weakness and paralysis of intercostal muscles and diaphragm.

Miosis (pupil constriction), accommodation for near vision, increased lacrimation (tears), and decreased intraocular pressure (IOP).

Drugs that help break down the harmful complex formed in organophosphate poisoning by activating the cholinesterase enzymes.

Reduces heart rate and conduction, causes vasodilation, and hypotension.

Drugs that block the effects of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Toxicity is treated with atropine; they are effective orally, but not for intravenous or intramuscular injection.

Avoid in thyrotoxicosis, angina pectoris, bronchial asthma, and peptic ulcers due to potential adverse effects.

Drugs primarily blocking muscarinic receptors, used in treating parasympathetic overstimulation.