Parasitology: Types of Parasites
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic motility of Sporozoa?

  • Pseudopod-based motility
  • Flagellum-based motility
  • Cilia-based motility
  • Gliding motility (correct)
  • Which protozoa have an apical complex to help enter the host cell?

  • Flagellates
  • Sporozoa (correct)
  • Ciliates
  • Amoeba
  • What is the infective stage of protozoa called?

  • Sporozoite
  • Trophozoite
  • Gametocyte
  • Cyst (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the apical complex in Sporozoa?

    <p>To help the organism enter the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic motility of Amoeba?

    <p>Pseudopod-based motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>Flexible cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vegetative stage of protozoa called?

    <p>Trophozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do protozoa typically reproduce?

    <p>Through both sexual and asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of binary fission in protozoa?

    <p>Two daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parasites and Hosts

    • A parasite is an organism that lives in or on another organism (host) and causes harm.
    • Accidental parasite: a parasite that attacks an unnatural host and survives (e.g., Hymenolepis diminuta, a rat tapeworm).
    • Intermittent parasite: arthropodes, such as mosquitoes, which periodically feed on larger organisms.
    • Monoxen parasite: a parasite that completes its life cycle in or on one host.
    • Heteroxen parasite: a parasite that completes its life cycle in or on more than one host.

    Host and Parasite Relationships

    • Definitive host: the host in which the sexual or adult form of the parasite is found.
    • Intermediate host: the host in which the asexual or immature, or larval form of the parasite is found.
    • Patient: a person who has parasites in their body and shows clinical symptoms.
    • Carrier: a person who has parasites in their body but does not show symptoms.
    • Reservoir host: an animal that harbors the same species of parasites as humans.

    Parasite Classification

    • Non-pathogenic parasites: live in/on the body of the host and do not cause disease.
    • Pathogenic parasites: are disease-causing parasites.
    • Opportunistic parasites: do not generally produce disease in healthy individuals but cause illness in individuals with impaired immunity.

    Infection and Transmission

    • Infection: the presence of a parasite in or on the tissues of the host.
    • Infestation: the presence of arthropods on the skin of the host.
    • Transmission: human-to-human, animal-to-human, food-borne, water-borne, blood-borne, vector-borne, and sexual transmission.

    Protozoology

    • Protoplasm: the body of protozoa.
    • Ectoplasm: the external hyaline portion of the cytoplasm.
    • Endoplasm: the internal granular portion of the cytoplasm.
    • Pseudopods: false feet.

    Protozoa Reproduction

    • A) Syngamy: sexually different cells unite to form a zygote.
    • B) Conjugation: 2 cells attach to each other, and the exchange of nuclear material occurs.

    Medical Parasitology

    • Nematodes (Roundworms): multicellular, macroscopic adult forms, microscopic eggs, complex life cycle.
    • Trematodes (Flukes): multicellular, macroscopic adult forms, microscopic eggs, complex life cycle.
    • Cestodes (Tapeworms): multicellular, macroscopic adult forms, microscopic eggs, complex life cycle.

    Medical Helminthology

    • Unsegmented body tapered at each end, body covered by tough cuticle that resists drying and crushing.
    • Possess developed digestive and excretory organs.

    Medical Entomology

    • Insecta and Arachnida are studied in medical entomology.

    Sporozoa

    • A type of protozoa that has an apical complex that helps the organism enter the host cell.
    • No locomotion organelles.

    Protozoa Characteristics

    • Small, microscopic, eukaryotes, unicellular organisms, wide range of sizes and shapes.
    • Contain nucleus and functional organelles.
    • Reproduce quickly, may have asexual and/or sexual phase in the host and/or vector.

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    Description

    Learn about the different types of parasites, including accidental, intermittent, monoxen, and heteroxen parasites, and their life cycles.

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