Parasitology Quiz: Inoculation and Diagnosis

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Questions and Answers

What condition is caused by the Trichina worm when the adult worms invade the conjunctiva and periorbital connective tissue?

Dengue fever

Kampala eye worm condition (correct)

Lyme disease

Malaria

What unique feature distinguishes male Trichina worms?

Conical papillae (correct)

Longer body length

Club-shaped uterus

Thicker skin

What does the life cycle of the Trichina worm involve?

All stages of development within a single host (correct)

Only adult stages in a host

Multiple hosts for each stage

Larval stages occurring in the environment

What characteristic is associated with female Trichina worms?

Club-shaped uterus Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to identify Microfilaria of M. perstans in a blood smear?

Stained with Giemsa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the stages of development of the Trichina worm?

Both adult and larval stages occur within the same host Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment option for Trichuris trichiura?

Albendazole Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of male Trichuris trichiura?

Coiled posterior end with a single spicule Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key prevention method for Trichuris trichiura infection?

Sanitary disposal of feces Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length range of female Trichuris trichiura?

35-50 mm Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to prevent Trichuris trichiura infection?

Using night soils Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is commonly used for intestinal parasites?

Mebendazole Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of nematodes?

Embryonated egg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nematodes is matched with heart-lung migration?

Ascaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic stage of nematodes?

Fertilized/Unfertilized egg Signup and view all the answers

Which member is known for having hooks, teeth, or papillae?

Nematodes Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes male and female nematodes?

Size and thickness Signup and view all the answers

What habitat do nematodes primarily occupy?

Small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which family do nematodes belong to?

Phylum nemathelminthes Signup and view all the answers

What shape is generally associated with adult nematodes?

Elongated and cylindrical Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of inflammatory filariasis?

Immunologic reaction to worm products Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with inflammatory filariasis?

Chronic cough Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is commonly used for filariasis?

Diethylcarbamazine Signup and view all the answers

What is a known preventive measure against filariasis?

Control of mosquito populations Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a consequence of prolonged filarial infection?

Obstructive filariasis Signup and view all the answers

What can indicate the presence of microfilaremia in patients?

Most patients do not have microfilaremia Signup and view all the answers

How are Nucleopore filters used in diagnosing filariasis?

For blood filtration and examination of sediment Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of obstructive filariasis?

Chronic edema Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of latum infection?

Hyperchromic, megaloblastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended drug of choice for treating latum infections?

Praziquantel Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is true about the eggs of latum?

They have an inconspicuous operculum Signup and view all the answers

What is a suitable method for diagnosing a latum infection?

Finding characteristic eggs in stool Signup and view all the answers

How should fish be prepared to prevent latum infections?

Thorough cooking before consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which description fits the adult morphology of latum?

Broader than long Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the scolex of latum is not expelled in feces?

Re-examine the stool after 3 months Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the eggs of Taenia species is correct?

They can be yellowish-brown in color Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nematodes

Phylum nemathelminthes includes nematodes, primarily affecting humans.
Adult nematodes are elongated, cylindrical, and bilaterally symmetrical.
Habitat is primarily the small intestine; final host is humans.
Diagnostic stage is identified by fertilized/unfertilized eggs; infective stage is embryonated eggs.
Common nematodes include Hookworm, Ascaris, and Trichuris.

Morphology

Nematodes typically appear white or pink.
Males are shorter and have a coiled posterior end with a single spicule, measuring 10-31 cm.
Females are longer, bluntly rounded at the posterior, measuring 22-35 cm.
Ascaris and Trichuris trichiura males measure 30-45 mm, while females measure 35-50 mm.

Treatment for Nematode Infections

Effective treatments include Albendazole, Mebendazole, and Pyrantel Pamoate.

Prevention of Nematode Infections

Essential preventive measures are the sanitary disposal of feces, thorough washing of vegetables, and health education.

Inflammatory Filariasis

Caused by an immunologic response to adult worm products.
Symptoms include funiculitis, epididymitis, orchitis, localized swelling, and redness, often accompanied by fever and malaise.
Most patients do not exhibit microfilaremia.

Obstructive Filariasis

Develops slowly after continuous filarial infection and is marked by chronic edema and recurrent inflammatory episodes.
Can result in the Kampala eye worm condition if adult worms invade the conjunctiva.

Clinical Diagnosis

Diagnosis of filariasis through blood examination and monitoring of symptoms.

Taenia Species - Appearance of Eggs

Eggs are yellowish-brown, 58-76 µm by 40-51 µm with a thick shell, inconspicuous operculum, and abopercular knob.
Eggs can be confused with those of Plasmodium westermani.

Diagnosis of Taenia Infections

History of travel to endemic areas and consumption of raw fish raises suspicion.
Identification of operculated eggs or proglottids in stool via Direct Fecal Smear (DFS) or Kato technique confirms diagnosis.

Treatment for Taeniasis

Praziquantel is the drug of choice, ensuring the scolex is expelled in feces.
Stool should be re-examined three months post-treatment if the scolex was not seen.

Prevention for Taeniasis

Key preventive strategies include proper fecal disposal and avoiding raw or undercooked fish consumption.
Thorough cooking of fish is essential before consumption.

Morphology of Taenia Adults

Adults are broader than long, lack a rostellum and hooks, and have a dark, rosette-shaped, coiled uterus.

Egg Morphology in Taenia

Eggs are spherical or subspherical, with a thick striated covering (embryophore) enclosing three pairs of hooklets; cannot be distinguished among species.

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Description

Test your knowledge on animal inoculation, xenodiagnosis, and various parasitic infections. Explore key concepts related to hematology and the migration of parasites like Ascaris and Hookworms. This quiz covers important topics for students in parasitology and related fields.