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Questions and Answers
Who is the parasite responsible for the Baghdad boil?
Who is the parasite responsible for the Baghdad boil?
A person who harbors the parasite and does not have symptoms of the disease is called:
A person who harbors the parasite and does not have symptoms of the disease is called:
The only intestinal flagellate parasite pathogen for humans are:
The only intestinal flagellate parasite pathogen for humans are:
The parasite that causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis in humans is:
The parasite that causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis in humans is:
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The fork-tailed cercariae belongs to which parasite?
The fork-tailed cercariae belongs to which parasite?
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The infectious stage of the Fasciolopsis buski parasite is:
The infectious stage of the Fasciolopsis buski parasite is:
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The tape worm that forms membrane-enclosed packets containing 5 to 30 eggs is:
The tape worm that forms membrane-enclosed packets containing 5 to 30 eggs is:
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The worm whose scolex is almond-shaped and contains two long, prominent, sucking grooves is:
The worm whose scolex is almond-shaped and contains two long, prominent, sucking grooves is:
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The infective stage of the Ascaris worm is:
The infective stage of the Ascaris worm is:
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The name of the large roundworm is given to:
The name of the large roundworm is given to:
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The first intermediate host for all the trematodes is which of the following?
The first intermediate host for all the trematodes is which of the following?
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The eggs of Fasciolopsis and Fasciola possess a caplike structure from which their contents are released under the appropriate conditions; this is called a (an):
The eggs of Fasciolopsis and Fasciola possess a caplike structure from which their contents are released under the appropriate conditions; this is called a (an):
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Which of the following is a recommended prevention and control strategy designed to halt the spread of Clonorchis?
Which of the following is a recommended prevention and control strategy designed to halt the spread of Clonorchis?
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The specimen of choice for the recovery of Heterophyes and Metagonimus is which of the following?
The specimen of choice for the recovery of Heterophyes and Metagonimus is which of the following?
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The typical transmission route of Paragonimus to humans consists of which of the following?
The typical transmission route of Paragonimus to humans consists of which of the following?
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The infective stage of E.histolytica is which of the following?
The infective stage of E.histolytica is which of the following?
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The specimen of choice for the recovery of Giardia lamblia is which of the following?
The specimen of choice for the recovery of Giardia lamblia is which of the following?
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The means of developing an infection with Plasmodium spp.is via which of the following?
The means of developing an infection with Plasmodium spp.is via which of the following?
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All the following are morphologic forms in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii except:
All the following are morphologic forms in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii except:
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Infective stage of Heterophyes heterohyes is:
Infective stage of Heterophyes heterohyes is:
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The parasite which lives within host is called:
The parasite which lives within host is called:
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The category in natural relationships between animals which is beneficial to one partner and at least not disadvantageous to the other is:
The category in natural relationships between animals which is beneficial to one partner and at least not disadvantageous to the other is:
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Which of the following is not included in human parasitology:
Which of the following is not included in human parasitology:
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The specimen of choice for the recovery of Enterobius vermicularis is:
The specimen of choice for the recovery of Enterobius vermicularis is:
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The parasite which lives on the host is called:
The parasite which lives on the host is called:
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Infected individuals may reinfect themselves, known as:
Infected individuals may reinfect themselves, known as:
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Retroinfection, defined as infective eggs that migrate back into the host body, develop, and reproduce rather than becoming dislodged specific terms for:
Retroinfection, defined as infective eggs that migrate back into the host body, develop, and reproduce rather than becoming dislodged specific terms for:
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The worm called whipworm is:
The worm called whipworm is:
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Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura is:
Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura is:
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The worm whose eggs are characterized by a prominent hyaline polar plug visible at each end is:
The worm whose eggs are characterized by a prominent hyaline polar plug visible at each end is:
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Study Notes
Parasitology Study Notes
Trematodes
- First intermediate host for all trematodes: Snail
- Fasciolopsis and Fasciola eggs have a caplike structure called an operculum
- Prevention and control of Clonorchis infection: proper human and reservoir host fecal disposal
- Typical transmission route of Paragonimus to humans: consumption of contaminated crayfish or crabs
Protozoa
- Infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica: Mature Cyst
- Specimen of choice for recovery of Giardia lamblia: Stool
- Means of developing an infection with Plasmodium spp.: Insect bite
- Infective stage of Plasmodium: Sporozoites
- Toxoplasma gondii life cycle includes: Oocysts, Tachyzoites, Bradyzoites
Hemoflagellates
- Winterbottom's sign is associated with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
- Hemoflagellates that infect humans: Trypanosoma and Leishmania
- Infective stage of Trypanosoma: Metacyclic trypomastigote
- Diagnostic stage of Trypanosoma gambiense in human blood: Trypomastigote
Cestodes
- Infective stage of Heterophyes heterophyes: Metacercaria
- Adults of Heterophyes heterophyes dwell in: Intestine
- Key feature that distinguishes Heterophyes from Clonorchis: Size, Shape, Appearance of shoulders, Location of operculum
Host-Parasite Relationships
- A host that harbors the larval or asexual stage of a parasite: Intermediate host
- A host that harbors the adult stage of a parasite: Definitive host
- A host that functions as a transport or carrier host: Paratenic host
- Obligative parasites: Physiologically dependent on their hosts and cannot survive if kept isolated
Human Parasitology
- Humans most often contract Trichomonas vaginalis through: Sexual contact
- Humans most often contract Naegleria fowleri through: Swimming in contaminated water
- Humans most often contract Heterophyes heterophyes through: Consumption of raw or undercooked fish
Diagnosis
- Specimen of choice for the recovery of Schistosoma japonicum: Stool
- Specimen of choice for the recovery of Toxoplasma gondii: Blood
- Specimen of choice for the recovery of Trypanosoma cruzi: Blood
Prevention and Control
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Prevention and control measures against Clonorchis: Avoiding raw or undercooked freshwater fish
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Prevention and control measures against Paragonimus: Avoiding raw or undercooked crayfish or crabs
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Prevention and control measures against Trichomonas vaginalis: Practicing safe sex### Parasites and their Characteristics
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Giardia lamblia enters the human body through ingesting contaminated food and drink.
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Giardia lamblia can cause disease in the host by invasion and destruction of host cells.
Hookworms
- Ancylostoma and Necator are characterized by a buccal cavity that contains teeth.
- Both Ancylostoma and Necator are adult hookworms.
Leishmania
- The most common morphologic form seen in samples positive for L. tropica complex members is the amastigote.
- The enlargement of cervical lymph nodes in reference to trypanosomal disease caused by T.b.gambiense is referred to as Winterbottom's sign.
- The diagnostic stage of T.b.rhodesiense is the trypanastigote.
Trypanosomiasis
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the more aggressive form of trypanosomal parasites that causes sleeping sickness.
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is the less aggressive form of trypanosomal parasites that causes sleeping sickness.
- Glossina spp is the vector responsible for transmitting T.b.gambiense.
Leishmaniasis
- Lutzomyia spp is the vector first identified as responsible for transmitting T.cruzi.
- The specimen of choice for the recovery of L.tropica complex members is fluid underneath the ulcer bed.
Amoebic Dysentery
- Entamoeba histolytica is the parasite responsible for amoebic dysentery.
- Mature cysts of Entamoeba histolytica have four nuclei.
Schistosomiasis
- The infective stage of Schistosoma hematobium is the cercariae.
- The final host for Toxoplasma gondi is the cat.
Toxoplasmosis
- The actively reproducing phase of the Toxoplasma parasite is the tachyzoite.
- The sand fly that is responsible for transmitting the species of the L.braziliensis complex is Lutzomyia.
Trichomoniasis
- Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites have four to six flagella.
- Trichomonas vaginalis is the only pathogenic ciliated parasite that infects humans.
Immune Evasion
- Trypanosoma cruzi escapes from host immunity by intracellular location.
- Trypanosoma cruzi can hide from host immunity through antigenic variation.
Pathogenic Amoebae
- All are pathogenic amoebae except Entamoeba hartmanni.
- Entamoeba histolytica, Acanthamoeba, and Nagleria fowleri are pathogenic amoebae.
Diagnostic Techniques
- Ultrasound scan is the correct technique for the diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus.
- The tissue species of nematode parasites is Trichinella spiralis.
Tapeworms
- The only tapeworm to which humans can be infected with directly is Taenia solium.
- Taenia solium, Heterophyes heterophyes, and Echinococcus granulosus are all tapeworms.
Other Parasites
- The parasite responsible for the Baghdad boil is Leishmania tropica.
- A person who harbors the parasite and does not have symptoms of the disease is called a carrier.
- The only intestinal flagellate parasite that is a pathogen for humans is Giardia lamblia.
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
- The parasite that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans is Naegleria fowleri.
Schistosomiasis
- The fork-tailed cercariae belongs to the parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
- The urine sample is the correct sample for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium.
Fasciolopsis Buski
- The infectious stage of the Fasciolopsis buski parasite is the metacercaria.
- The only worm to which humans are an intermediate host is Echinococcus granulosus.
Tapeworms
- The tape worm that forms membrane-enclosed packets containing 5 to 30 eggs is Hymenolepis diminuta.
- Pumpkin seed tapeworm refers to Hymenolepis diminuta.
- The worm whose eggs are not comprised of the typical hexacanth embryo is Hymenolepis diminuta.
- The worm whose scolex is almond-shaped and contains two long, prominent, sucking grooves (bothria) is Diphyllobothrium latum.
- The infective stage of the Ascaris worm is the egg.
Roundworms
- The name of the large roundworm is given to Ascaris lumbricoides.
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Test your knowledge of parasitology with this quiz, covering topics such as intermediate hosts, trematodes, and parasite eggs. Identify the correct answers to these challenging questions.
