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Questions and Answers
What is the infective stage for all Schistosomes?
What is the infective stage for all Schistosomes?
- Cercariae (correct)
- Rediae
- Miracidium
- Sporocyst
Which stage emerges as a sac-like structure containing the larva?
Which stage emerges as a sac-like structure containing the larva?
- Rediae
- Sporocyst (correct)
- Miracidium
- Cercariae
What type of suckers do adult trematodes possess?
What type of suckers do adult trematodes possess?
- Oral and ventral hook or cup-shaped suckers (correct)
- Hook and sucker combination
- Dorsal and ventral suckers
- Oral and dorsal suckers
In Echinostoma infections, which organ is primarily affected?
In Echinostoma infections, which organ is primarily affected?
What is the first intermediate host for all trematodes?
What is the first intermediate host for all trematodes?
Which larval stage occurs in the sporocyst?
Which larval stage occurs in the sporocyst?
Which feature is unique to Echinostoma species?
Which feature is unique to Echinostoma species?
What is a common clinical feature associated with E. revolutum infections?
What is a common clinical feature associated with E. revolutum infections?
Where are the two oval testes situated in adult trematodes?
Where are the two oval testes situated in adult trematodes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Echinostoma species' morphology?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Echinostoma species' morphology?
What is a notable clinical symptom associated with trematode infections?
What is a notable clinical symptom associated with trematode infections?
Which region has reported potentially fatal migration of trematode eggs to the heart?
Which region has reported potentially fatal migration of trematode eggs to the heart?
What is the size range of Fasciolopsis buski, the giant intestinal fluke?
What is the size range of Fasciolopsis buski, the giant intestinal fluke?
Where does Fasciolopsis buski primarily reside in the human body?
Where does Fasciolopsis buski primarily reside in the human body?
Which symptom is particularly associated with heavier infections of Fasciolopsis buski?
Which symptom is particularly associated with heavier infections of Fasciolopsis buski?
How are Fasciolopsis buski eggs distinguished from eggs of F.hepatica and F.gigantica?
How are Fasciolopsis buski eggs distinguished from eggs of F.hepatica and F.gigantica?
In which region is Fasciolopsis buski predominantly found according to the information provided?
In which region is Fasciolopsis buski predominantly found according to the information provided?
What is the significance of Segmentina and Hippeutis in the life cycle of Fasciolopsis buski?
What is the significance of Segmentina and Hippeutis in the life cycle of Fasciolopsis buski?
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Study Notes
Fasciolopsis buski (Giant Intestinal Fluke)
- Found in central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and India
- Elongated oval fluke, 2-7 cm long, lives in the small intestine of humans
- Definitive hosts: humans and pigs
- First intermediate hosts: snails (Segmentina and Hippeutis)
- Second intermediate hosts: aquatic vegetation (Trapa bicornis, Eliocharis tuberosa, Ipomea obscura, and Nymphaea lotus)
Symptoms and Pathology
- Epigastric pain, nausea, and diarrhea, especially in the morning
- In heavier infections: generalized edema and ascites occur
- Inflammation, ulceration, and abscesses occur in the intestinal mucosa
- Generalized toxic and allergic reactions, including edema in the face, abdominal wall, and lower limbs
Diagnosis
- Based on clinical symptoms in endemic areas
- Eggs in feces (75-100 x 130-150 micrometers)
Other Intestinal Flukes
Heterophyid Flukes
- Minute intestinal fluke
- Heterophyes heterophyes (Von Siebold’s)
- Metagonimus yokogawai (Yokogawa’s fluke)
- Haplorchis taichui
- Haplorchis yokogawai
- Found in the Middle East, Far East, and Philippines
- Eggs are light brown, ovoid, operculated, and fully developed when laid
Trematodes (Flukes) General Characteristics
- Infective stage: ingestion of raw aquatic vegetation with encysted metacercariae
- Diagnostic stage: flat, leaf-shaped organisms with oral and ventral hook or cup-shaped suckers
- Hermaphrodites
- Eggs are operculated (except Schistosomes)
- Require an intermediate host (snail)
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