30 Questions
What is the infective stage for the definitive host in the life cycle described?
Bradyzoites
Which cells do sporozoites enter after they rupture from sporocysts in the intermediate host?
Endothelial cells of blood vessels
How do humans become infected with the parasite according to the text?
By eating undercooked meat
Where in the human body do bradyzoites released from ruptured cysts invade?
Intestinal epithelium
What is the result of the fusion of male and female gametes in the life cycle described?
Formation of oocysts
What can be detected in feces due to the fragile nature of the oocyst wall?
Individual sporocysts
What is the size range of Rainey's corpuscles in giardiasis?
12-16 × 4-9 mcm
How are the spores or bradyzoites in giardiasis described in terms of shape?
Rounded, ovoidal, or sickle-shaped
What is the main clinical manifestation of the intestinal stages of cryptosporidium?
Diarrhea and abdominal pain
What is the diagnostic significance of mature cysts in giardiasis?
Unknown
How are oocysts transmitted in cryptosporidiosis?
Swallowed in contaminated water or food
What is the main way to diagnose the presence of sarcosysts?
Histology
Where does the sexual phase of typical two-host coccida occur?
Intestinal mucosa of carnivorous animals
Which parasite is known for being very tolerant to chlorine disinfection due to its outer shell?
Cryptosporidium
What is a common symptom experienced by some patients infected with typical two-host coccida?
Transient diarrhea
Where does Sarcocystis primarily develop in the human body?
Muscles
How does infection with typical two-host coccida present in immunocompetent hosts?
Self-limited diarrhea
What is the most common mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium?
Water (drinking and recreational water)
What is a characteristic of chronic Toxoplasma infections?
Presence of tissue cysts
Which stage of the Toxoplasma life cycle occurs in felines, but not in humans and other intermediate hosts?
Oocyst
How is toxoplasmosis usually discovered in immunosuppressed hosts?
At autopsy
Which staining technique is mentioned to be good for staining smears of body fluids and tissue imprints in Toxoplasma diagnosis?
Giemsa stain
What is the primary approach for diagnosing toxoplasmosis according to the text?
Serology testing
In the Sabin-Feldman Dye Test Procedure, what happens if anti-Toxo antibodies are present in the patient serum?
The antibody-antigen complex activates complement to lyse the parasite membrane
How do cats become infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
By consuming intermediate hosts harboring tissue cysts
What happens to the oocysts shed by the parasite in a cat's feces?
They sporulate in 1-5 days and become infective
How do humans typically become infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
Consuming contaminated soil, water, or plant material
What is the role of tachyzoites in the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle?
They spread throughout the body via blood and lymphatic vessels
What is the consequence of a pregnant woman becoming infected with Toxoplasma gondii for the first time during pregnancy?
Transmission of the parasite to the fetus through the placenta
What makes tissue cysts formed by Toxoplasma gondii particularly resistant?
Their resistance to most treatments
Test your knowledge on the diagnosis and life cycle of parasitic infections. Learn about detecting sporulated sporocysts in stools and the process involving sporozoites and intermediate hosts.
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