Parasitology and Virology Quiz: DNA Viruses
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Questions and Answers

Which virus shares characters with HSV-2 including DNA homology and antigenic determinants?

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
  • Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • HSV-1 (correct)

    • What is the name of the virus that causes common warts?

  • Adenovirus
  • Smallpox
  • Papovaviruses (correct)
  • Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)

    • Which virus family does Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belong to?

  • Herpes family (correct)
  • Papovaviruses
  • Poxviruses
  • Adenovirus

    • What is the characteristic of DNA enveloped viruses?

    <p>They have a lipid envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is not a DNA enveloped virus?

    <p>Adenovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Greek meaning of the word 'Herpes'?

    <p>Cold sore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is a Poxvirus?

    <p>Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus family does Cytomegalovirus (CMV) belong to?

    <p>Herpes family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes smallpox?

    <p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is a DNA non-enveloped virus?

    <p>Adenovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role in protection against HSV infection?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of detecting IgM in a newborn?

    <p>Intrauterine infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cortisone contraindicated in the treatment of HSV infection?

    <p>It is anti-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes varicella and zoster?

    <p>Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of cells in a Tzanck test?

    <p>Multi-nucleated giant cells with internuclear inclusion bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of acyclovir in the treatment of HSV infection?

    <p>Inhibiting viral DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of HSV and VZV viruses?

    <p>DNA enveloped viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon of HSV infection despite the presence of circulating antibodies?

    <p>Recurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical course of Varicella-Zoster virus infection in children?

    <p>Mild or asymptomatic disease with long life immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the rash in Varicella-Zoster virus infection?

    <p>Vesicular rash that rarely leaves scars and starts on the trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory diagnosis of Varicella-Zoster virus infection?

    <p>Tzanck test and tissue culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Zoster (shingles) in adults?

    <p>Recurrent endogenous infection with severe pain and vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Chicken pox and Zoster?

    <p>Chicken pox is mild in children, while Zoster is severe in adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Varicella-Zoster virus infection in adults?

    <p>Severe disease with long life immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the rash in smallpox?

    <p>Vesicular rash that always leaves scars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial replication site of Varicella-Zoster virus?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the DNA in the core of the smallpox virus?

    <p>Linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the smallpox virus replicate in the host cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the skin rash in smallpox infection?

    <p>Vesicular rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the inclusion bodies formed in the cytoplasm during smallpox infection?

    <p>Guarnieri's inclusion bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of Variola major?

    <p>25% mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the eradication of smallpox successful?

    <p>Because it is an exclusive human pathogen with a single serotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of initial multiplications of the smallpox virus?

    <p>Regional lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of the virus in large numbers in the bloodstream?

    <p>Viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is responsible for African Endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly used for Shingles?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Chickenpox?

    <p>Droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of vesicles in Shingles?

    <p>Very painful and unilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of infection in Shingles?

    <p>Recurrent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine is recommended for newborns to prevent Chickenpox?

    <p>Live-attenuated vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is a member of the Herpes family?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of protection against Chickenpox?

    <p>Humoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common occurrence of Chickenpox?

    <p>During childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of virus that causes Chickenpox?

    <p>DNA enveloped virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Viruses

    • DNA viruses can be classified into two categories: enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
    • Enveloped viruses include Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV), and Poxviruses.
    • Non-enveloped viruses include Adenovirus.

    Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

    • HSV-1 and HSV-2 share many characteristics, including DNA homology, antigenic determinants, tropism, and symptoms.
    • Recurrences occur despite high titers of circulating antibodies.
    • Cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in protection.
    • Diagnosis involves the Tzanck test, demonstrating multi-nucleated giant cells with internuclear inclusion bodies in scrapings from the lesion.
    • Treatment includes acyclovir ointments for herpatic keratitis and intravenous acyclovir for encephalitis.
    • Cortisone is contraindicated as it may lower the immune response.

    Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

    • VZV causes varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles).
    • VZV is a highly communicable respiratory infection that usually occurs in epidemics during winter.
    • The disease is mild in children and severe in neonates and adults.
    • Infection usually develops long-life immunity.
    • Symptoms include initial replication of the virus in the respiratory tract, followed by viremia, fever, and a skin vesicular rash.
    • The rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs and face, but rarely leaves scars.
    • Zoster is a recurrent endogenous infection that occurs in cell-mediated immunosuppressed adults.
    • Zoster starts with severe pain due to inflammation of sensory nerves and ganglia, followed by vesicles appearing in the enervated area.

    Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment

    • Laboratory diagnosis involves the Tzanck test and tissue culture.
    • Treatment for chickenpox includes calamine lotion or crystal violet, while treatment for shingles includes acyclovir.

    Comparison between Chickenpox and Shingles

    • Chickenpox is a primary infection, while shingles is a recurrent infection.
    • Chickenpox is more common in childhood, while shingles is more common in adulthood.
    • Protection against chickenpox is humoral, while protection against shingles is cellular.
    • Vesicles in chickenpox are painless and scattered, while vesicles in shingles are very painful and appear in crops.

    Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

    • EBV is associated with African endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and infectious mononucleosis.
    • African endemic Burkitt's lymphoma is a poorly differentiated B-cell lymphoma that is endemic to the children of malarial regions of Africa.
    • The virus is enveloped with an inner membrane enclosing the core, which is linear dsDNA.
    • The disease shows a very characteristic skin vesicular rash.

    Smallpox (Variola)

    • Smallpox is transmitted through inhalation of the variola virus, which invades the mucus membranes of the mouth, throat, and respiratory tract.
    • The virus migrates to regional lymph nodes, begins to multiply, and eventually causes widespread lysis of infected cells.
    • There are two variants of the disease: Variola major (25% mortality) and Variola minor (1% mortality).
    • Smallpox is already eradicated since 1980, and eradication was successful due to the virus being an exclusive human pathogen, having a single serotype that protects against all infections, and other factors.

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    Description

    A quiz covering DNA viruses, including Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster viruses, for PM222/PMC222 course in Spring Semester 2023-2024.

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