Parasitology and Virology: HSV-1 and HSV-2 Infections
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Questions and Answers

What is the genetic material of the Smallpox virus?

  • single-stranded DNA
  • linear dsDNA (correct)
  • circular dsDNA
  • single-stranded RNA

    • Where does the Smallpox virus replicate?

  • cytoplasm of the host cell (correct)
  • endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell
  • nucleus of the host cell
  • lysosomes of the host cell

    • What is the characteristic skin manifestation of Smallpox?

  • vesicular rash (correct)
  • pustular rash
  • maculopapular rash
  • bullous rash

    • What is the percentage of mortality for Variola major?

    <p>25% mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition characterized by the presence of a large number of viruses in the bloodstream?

    <p>viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the successful eradication of Smallpox?

    <p>Smallpox is an exclusive human pathogen and has a single serotype that protects against all infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Smallpox virus initially invade the host?

    <p>through the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of the second wave of multiplication of the Smallpox virus?

    <p>spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA virus is transmitted by close personal contact, including sexual contact?

    <p>Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the Smallpox virus?

    <p>Large brick shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA virus is not an enveloped virus?

    <p>Adenovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosis for Molluscum Contagiosum Virus?

    <p>Clinically based on shape and location of lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum Virus?

    <p>Removal of lesions by curettage or with liquid nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses belongs to the Poxviruses family?

    <p>Smallpox virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA virus is not a member of the Herpes family?

    <p>Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus?

    <p>Lesions are self-limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the disease that allows for quarantine and vaccination of contacts?

    <p>Visible pustules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medium used for the preparation of lyophilized vaccine?

    <p>Embryonated eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the virus that causes smallpox?

    <p>Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell does the replication of smallpox virus occur?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of HSV-1 infection?

    <p>Upper part of the body (head, throat, and chest)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the inclusion bodies in smallpox virus?

    <p>Gaurnieri’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission of HSV-1?

    <p>Kissing, sharing glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of fever before the onset of rash in smallpox?

    <p>2-4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for primary HSV-1 infection?

    <p>2-3 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the rash in smallpox?

    <p>Present on palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of smallpox?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of latent infection for HSV-1?

    <p>Trigeminal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of vaccine used for prophylaxis against smallpox?

    <p>Calf lymph vaccine and lyophilized vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of recurrent HSV-1 infection?

    <p>Herpes labialis (cold sores)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses belongs to the Poxviruses family?

    <p>Smallpox virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of HSV-1 infection?

    <p>Keratoconjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers HSV-2 recurrent infections?

    <p>Fever, local trauma, sun light, emotional stress, or menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with HSV-2 primary infection?

    <p>Fever and lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes small, pink, papular, wart-like, benign tumors of the skin or mucous membranes?

    <p>Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses belongs to the Herpes family?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV) lesions?

    <p>Cup-shaped crater with a white core and sunken center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is NOT a DNA enveloped virus?

    <p>Adenovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the virus that causes smallpox?

    <p>Poxviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses causes common warts?

    <p>Papovaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is a DNA non-enveloped virus?

    <p>Adenovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses belongs to the Poxviruses family?

    <p>Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

    • HSV-1 infections are prevalent in the upper part of the body (head, throat, and chest) and are transmitted mainly by contact (kissing, sharing glass).
    • HSV-2 infections are prevalent in the lower part of the body (genitals) and are transmitted by sexual contact.
    • Both viruses initially infect and replicate in mucoepithelial cells and then establish latent infection in the enervating neurons (Trigeminal ganglia for HSV-1 and Sacral ganglia for HSV-2).

    HSV-1 Symptoms

    • Primary infection appears as painful ulcers but usually appears as gingivostomatitis.
    • Recurrent infection occurs at the lips borders as herpes labialis (cold sores).
    • Infection of fingers (whitlow), or eye infection (keratoconjunctivitis) which may lead to blindness, herpatic eczema, and encephalitis might occur.

    HSV-2 Symptoms

    • Primary infection appears as painful ulcers on the external genitals of both male and female, associated with fever and lymphadenopathy.
    • Recurrent infection usually occurs at the same primary site and is induced by fever, local trauma, sun light, emotional stress, or menstruation.

    Herpes Family

    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
    • Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)
    • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
    • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

    Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)

    • Causes small, pink, papular, benign tumors of the skin or mucous membranes.
    • Transmitted by close personal contact, including sexually.
    • Lesions are self-limited.
    • Diagnosis - clinically (shape and location).
    • Treatment - removal of the lesions by curettage or with liquid nitrogen.

    Smallpox (Variola)

    • The virus is large, brick-shaped, enveloped, with a linear dsDNA genome.
    • Replicates in the cytoplasm, forming Guarnieri's inclusion bodies.
    • The disease shows a very characteristic skin vesicular rash.
    • Two variants of the disease exist: Variola major (25% mortality) and Variola minor (1% mortality).
    • The disease is already eradicated since 1980.

    Smallpox Vaccination

    • Calf lymph vaccine: prepared by inoculation of vaccinia virus on shaved skin of calves and collection of vesicle fluid in 40% glycerol and 0.5% phenol.
    • Lyophilized vaccine: prepared from vaccinia virus in embryonated eggs.
    • Both vaccines are applied intradermally by scratching.

    Comparison between Smallpox and Chickenpox

    • Smallpox: Pox family, complex shape, replication in cytoplasm, Gaurnieri's inclusion bodies, fever 2-4 days before rash, slow development of rash, rash on palms and soles, severe course, high mortality, calf lymph vaccine and lyophilized vaccine.
    • Chickenpox: Herpes family, icosahedral shape, replication in nucleus, no inclusion bodies, fever at onset of rash, rapid development of rash, no rash on palms and soles, mild course, uncommon mortality, live attenuated vaccine.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, including their prevalence, transmission, and symptoms. Learn about the characteristics of these viral infections and how they affect the body.

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