Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following helminths is prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics?
Which of the following helminths is prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Ascaris (roundworm)?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Ascaris (roundworm)?
Which of the following parasites is a major cause of anaemia in the tropics?
Which of the following parasites is a major cause of anaemia in the tropics?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus?
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What is the primary species of Taenia that causes cysticercosis?
What is the primary species of Taenia that causes cysticercosis?
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What is the primary cause of visceral larva migrans (VLM)?
What is the primary cause of visceral larva migrans (VLM)?
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What is the primary disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis?
What is the primary disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis?
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What is the primary location of adult Ascaris worms in the human body?
What is the primary location of adult Ascaris worms in the human body?
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Which parasite is transmitted by the ingestion of oocysts from cat faeces and can lead to ocular problems?
Which parasite is transmitted by the ingestion of oocysts from cat faeces and can lead to ocular problems?
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What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma in South America?
What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma in South America?
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Which parasite causes bloody diarrhea and ameobic liver abscess?
Which parasite causes bloody diarrhea and ameobic liver abscess?
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Which microsporidian parasite is more common in the immunocompromised and is detected in the blood?
Which microsporidian parasite is more common in the immunocompromised and is detected in the blood?
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What is the name of the parasite that parasitises the small intestinal mucosa and can cause diarrhea for several weeks?
What is the name of the parasite that parasitises the small intestinal mucosa and can cause diarrhea for several weeks?
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Which parasite is transmitted by sand flies and can lead to visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
Which parasite is transmitted by sand flies and can lead to visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
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Study Notes
Protozoa
- Giardia lambia: worldwide distribution, lives in the small intestine, causes malabsorption and diarrhea
- Entamoeba histolytica: infects the colon, causes bloody diarrhea (amoebic dysentery) and amoebic liver abscess
- Cryptosporidium parvum: more prevalent in immunocompromised individuals, causes diarrhea
- Cyclospora cyatenensis: parasitizes the small intestinal mucosa, causes diarrhea for several weeks
- E.bienusi: microsporidian that parasitizes the small intestine, more common in immunocompromised individuals, detected in the blood
- Plasmodium: causes malaria, four species infect humans: P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale, and P.malariae
Helminths
Nematodes
- B.coli: large motile ciliated parasite, lives in the colon of pigs, humans, and rodents, causes colonic ulceration
- Strongyloides: inhabits the small bowel, infection more severe in immunosuppressed people (e.g. HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, intercurrent disease)
- Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm): prevalent in cold and temperate climates, found mainly in children
- Trichuris (whipworm): soil-transmitted helminth, prevalent in warm, humid conditions, causes diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and anemia in heavily-infected people
- Ancylostoma and Necator (hookworms): major cause of anemia in the tropics
- Ascaris (roundworm): found worldwide in conditions of poor hygiene, transmitted by the fecal-oral route, adult worms live in the small intestine, causes eosinophilia
- Filariasis:
- Onchocerca volvulus: transmitted by the simulium black fly, causes visual impairment, blindness, and severe itching of the skin
- Wuchereria bancrofti: major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis
- Brugia malayi: causes lymphatic filariasis
- Toxocara: world-wide infection of dogs and cats, human infection occurs by ingesting embryonated eggs from dog or cat feces, common in children, causes visceral larva migrans (VLM)
Cestodes
- Taenia saginata: acquired by ingestion of contaminated, uncooked beef, worldwide, causes minimal symptoms
- Taenia solium: acquired by ingestion of contaminated, uncooked pork, worldwide, causes cysticercosis (systemic disease where cysticerci encyst in muscles and the brain), may lead to epilepsy
- Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) and Echinococcus multilocularis (rodent tapeworm): cause hydatid disease when ingested, larvae develop in human host, causing space-occupying lesions in several organs (e.g. liver, brain)
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Description
This quiz covers various parasitic infections that affect the intestine, including Giardia lambia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cyatenensis, and B.coli.
