Parasitic Skin Infections
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Questions and Answers

Which organism is associated with muscle swelling as a common symptom?

  • Leishmania spp.
  • Cestodes
  • Schistosoma spp.
  • Trichinella (correct)

    • What is the primary method for diagnosing ectoparasites according to the provided information?

  • Skin scraping (correct)
  • Ultrasound imaging
  • Blood tests
  • Visual inspection

    • What is the recommended duration for Permethrin 5% application for treatment?

  • 6-8 hours
  • 3-5 hours
  • 1-2 hours
  • 8-14 hours (correct)

    • Which of these is an alternative medication for treating ectoparasites?

    <p>Ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore)?

    <p>L.major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should linens and clothing be treated to prevent ectoparasite transmission?

    <p>Washed thoroughly and placed in sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cestodes such as Cysticercus cellulosae typically manifest with what symptom after ingestion?

    <p>Nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of L.mexicana infection?

    <p>Ulceration of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom experienced by Patient X?

    <p>Severe itchiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is responsible for scabies?

    <p>Sarcoptes scabiei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lice infestations primarily transmitted?

    <p>Skin-to-skin contact or fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are associated with cutaneous larva migrans caused by hookworms?

    <p>Thin and elongated snake-like lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the stratum corneum in ectoparasitic infections?

    <p>It is where ectoparasites complete their life cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from scratching due to ectoparasitic infections?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can act as a vector for some bacteria during lice infestations?

    <p>Pediculus sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which ectoparasites survive and thrive on their host?

    <p>Taking blood meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of parasites primarily affect the epidermis?

    <p>Ectoparasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is true of both scabies and lice?

    <p>Both are transmitted via skin-to-skin contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiologic agent of scabies?

    <p>Sarcoptes scabiei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission is associated with lice infections?

    <p>Skin-to-skin contact or fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do maculopapular skin lesions usually appear in ectoparasite infections?

    <p>In the interdigital areas or moist areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which time are severe itchiness symptoms commonly observed in scabies?

    <p>During the night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a site typically associated with scabies lesions?

    <p>Forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for lice?

    <p>Sexual contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxonomic class does Phthirus pubis belong to?

    <p>Insecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Phthirus pubis?

    <p>Pubic crab louse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of cysticercosis?

    <p>Larval form of Taenia solium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding female ectoparasites is true?

    <p>They typically lay their eggs at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin presentation is typically seen with ectoparasite infections?

    <p>Pruritic, hyperkeratotic, crusted plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which order does Sarcoptes scabiei belong to?

    <p>Acarina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the taxonomic classification of Pediculus species?

    <p>Kingdom: Animalia, Order: Phthiraptera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are characteristic of patients with scabies?

    <p>Maculopapular skin lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family does Phthirus pubis belong to?

    <p>Pthiridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom experienced by individuals with lice infestations?

    <p>Itchiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary presentation of cysticercosis?

    <p>Cystic nodules in the muscle or subcutaneous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class do both Phthirus pubis and Sarcoptes scabiei share in their taxonomic classification?

    <p>Arthropoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of cysticercus?

    <p>It is a larval form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phylum does Sarcoptes scabiei belong to?

    <p>Arthropoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vector responsible for the transmission of Loa loa?

    <p>Chrysops/deer fly/red flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic about the movement speed of the racing larva in Larva Currens?

    <p>Moves up to 10 cm per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely diagnosed if a worm is isolated from the eyes?

    <p>Loiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesion is observed in Larva Currens caused by Strongyloides stercoralis?

    <p>Serpiginous erythematous pruritic dermal plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical onset time for the pruritic, erythematous lesion to disappear in Larva Currens?

    <p>12-18 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for head lice infestations?

    <p>Fomites and skin-to-skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT effective against head lice?

    <p>Tea tree oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin lesions are commonly associated with infestations of ectoparasites?

    <p>Maculopapular lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can a head louse survive without a human host?

    <p>1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the itch associated with scabies?

    <p>The female ectoparasite lays eggs at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a secondary consequence of scratching due to an ectoparasitic infestation?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT typically associated with scabies lesions?

    <p>Scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preventive measure helps reduce the risk of ectoparasite transmission?

    <p>Washing linens and clothing under hot water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT a recommended treatment for scabies?

    <p>Topical steroid cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contact primarily leads to the transmission of scabies?

    <p>Skin-to-skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is NOT typically recommended for lice infestations?

    <p>Oral antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible sign of severe itchiness in individuals with lice infestations?

    <p>Scratching at the scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the lesions associated with scabies?

    <p>Hyperkeratotic lesions with intense itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the skin examination reveal for someone infected with scabies?

    <p>Presence of itchy, hyperkeratotic areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei?

    <p>It lays eggs on the outside of the host’s skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly present in individuals with scabies infections?

    <p>Severe pruritus (itching)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom experienced with scabies infections?

    <p>Pruritic rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific area is NOT commonly affected by scabies outbreaks?

    <p>Forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ectoparasites primarily transmit infections?

    <p>Skin-to-skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically used as a treatment for scabies?

    <p>Permethrin 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration that a head louse can survive without a human host?

    <p>1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical behavior of female ectoparasites regarding egg-laying?

    <p>They lay eggs at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common skin change is associated with prolonged scabies infection?

    <p>Hyperkeratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions are commonly associated with lice infestations?

    <p>Maculopapular lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from scratching affected areas due to scabies?

    <p>Bacterial superinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is specifically mentioned for head lice?

    <p>Permethrin lotion 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT commonly associated with lesions from an infestation typically caused by head lice?

    <p>Groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for preventing scabies transmission?

    <p>Sharing personal items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective method for preventing the spread of lice?

    <p>Regularly washing linens and clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential secondary consequence of scratching due to an ectoparasitic infection?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for lice?

    <p>Direct contact or fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is effective against both lice and their eggs?

    <p>Permethrin lotion 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Trematodes, Cestodes, and Nematodes

    • Trematodes (Schistosoma spp.): Capable of penetrating skin directly.
    • Cestodes (Cysticercus cellulosae): Can lead to nodules after ingestion of eggs from contaminated food, water, or soil.
    • Trichinella: A nematode causing muscle invasion, typically presenting with muscle swelling.

    Ectoparasites

    • Leishmania Recidivans: Includes various species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis, primarily L.tropica, L.major, L.mexicana, and L.braziliensis.
    • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Infection penetrates the skin, often resulting in ulceration; diagnosed through skin scraping.
    • Chiclero Ulcer: Caused by L.mexicana; typically confined to ears.

    Scabies

    • Etiologic Agent: Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite).
    • Transmission: Spreads through skin contact or fomites.
    • Presentation: Severe itchiness, hyperkeratotic, crusted plaques, particularly in warmer areas like interdigital spaces and axilla.

    Pediculosis (Lice Infestation)

    • Etiologic Agent: Pediculus species (lice).
    • Transmission: Skin-to-skin contact or fomites; lice attach eggs (nits) to hair follicles.
    • Secondary Infections: Constant scratching can lead to bacterial infections.

    Pubic Louse

    • Etiologic Agent: Phthirus pubis (pubic crab louse).
    • Transmission: Through sexual contact or close personal contact.

    Cestodes (Tapeworms)

    • Cysticercosis: Caused by the larval form of Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae).
    • Presentation: Cystic nodules form in muscle or subcutaneous tissues.

    Loiasis

    • Etiologic Agent: Loa loa; transmitted by the bite of Chrysops (deer fly).
    • Symptoms: Calabar swelling and pruritic dermal plaques, potentially involving joint movement.
    • Racing Larva: Fast migration rates observed (up to 10 cm/hour).

    Strongyloides Stercoralis

    • Condition: Strongyloidiasis; features serpiginous erythematous skin lesions.
    • Symptoms: Rapidly appearing lesions with intense pruritus.

    Lymphatic Filariasis

    • Transmission: Through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes; may result in lymphedema or hydrocele.

    Prevention and Treatment

    • Scabies Treatment: Permethrin 5% as the drug of choice, applied and washed off after 8-14 hours; alternatives include Ivermectin and Lindane.
    • Personal Hygiene: Linens and clothing must be laundered properly and exposed to sunlight to minimize infestation risks.

    Ectoparasites Overview

    • Ectoparasites live on the outside of the host's body.
    • They survive by feeding on the host's blood.
    • Transmission commonly occurs through skin-to-skin contact.

    Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)

    • Female ectoparasite lays eggs at night, leading to intense itching.
    • Symptoms include pruritic lesions, hyperkeratosis, and fissured plaques, primarily in moist areas like the umbilicus and groin.
    • Diagnosis involves scraping the skin to detect eggs or fecal pellets on a petri dish.
    • Treatment options include:
      • Permethrin 5% applied to the skin for 8-14 hours.
      • Ivermectin and Lindane.
    • Prevention measures include washing linens and clothing, with exposure to sunlight.

    Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

    • Lice lay eggs (nits) on hair follicles, primarily on the scalp.
    • Transmission occurs through skin-to-skin contact and fomites.
    • Symptoms of infestation include itching and potential secondary bacterial infections.
    • Treatment options include:
      • Permethrin lotion 1%.
      • Lindane shampoo 1%.
      • Piperonyl butoxide and Benzyl alcohol lotion 5%.
      • Ivermectin lotion 0.5%.
    • Head lice can survive for up to one month without treatment.

    General Prevention Strategies

    • Maintain hygiene practices to reduce the risk of infestation.
    • Regularly wash clothing and linens that come into contact with potentially infected individuals.
    • Educate individuals on the modes of transmission to facilitate early identification and treatment.

    Ectoparasites Overview

    • Ectoparasites live on the outside of the host's body.
    • They survive by feeding on the host's blood.
    • Transmission commonly occurs through skin-to-skin contact.

    Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)

    • Female ectoparasite lays eggs at night, leading to intense itching.
    • Symptoms include pruritic lesions, hyperkeratosis, and fissured plaques, primarily in moist areas like the umbilicus and groin.
    • Diagnosis involves scraping the skin to detect eggs or fecal pellets on a petri dish.
    • Treatment options include:
      • Permethrin 5% applied to the skin for 8-14 hours.
      • Ivermectin and Lindane.
    • Prevention measures include washing linens and clothing, with exposure to sunlight.

    Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

    • Lice lay eggs (nits) on hair follicles, primarily on the scalp.
    • Transmission occurs through skin-to-skin contact and fomites.
    • Symptoms of infestation include itching and potential secondary bacterial infections.
    • Treatment options include:
      • Permethrin lotion 1%.
      • Lindane shampoo 1%.
      • Piperonyl butoxide and Benzyl alcohol lotion 5%.
      • Ivermectin lotion 0.5%.
    • Head lice can survive for up to one month without treatment.

    General Prevention Strategies

    • Maintain hygiene practices to reduce the risk of infestation.
    • Regularly wash clothing and linens that come into contact with potentially infected individuals.
    • Educate individuals on the modes of transmission to facilitate early identification and treatment.

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    Description

    Explore the world of parasitic infections including trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. This quiz covers diseases caused by various ectoparasites like Leishmania and scabies. Understand their transmission, symptoms, and specific characteristics.

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