Questions and Answers
What is the primary treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?
Loeffler's syndrome is primarily caused by Ascaris larvae.
True
What symptoms are associated with serious malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum?
Increased respiratory rate, shortness of breath, chest pain
The common opportunistic infection found in HIV/AIDS patients is caused by Pneumocystis ___?
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What diagnostic method is used for Visceral larva migrans?
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What is a common treatment for the tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?
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Match the following parasites with their specific symptoms:
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What is the primary treatment for Echinococcus granulosus?
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Which drug is used to treat Entamoeba histolytica?
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Pneumocystis jirovecii can cause an asthmatic attack.
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What is a common symptom of Plasmodium falciparum infection?
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The enzyme and proteins secreted by migrating larva in Toxocara canis provoke inflammatory reactions to remove them, which are known as ES ___.
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Match the following parasites with their associated characteristics:
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Which two drugs can be used to treat Loeffler's syndrome caused by Ascaris, Strongyloides, or Hookworm?
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Study Notes
Parasitic Diseases of the Respiratory System
-
Entamoeba histolytica:
- Causes amoebic abscesses in the liver, which may perforate the diaphragm.
- Symptoms include presence of cysts in stool, potential secondary infections, and complications from liver abscess.
- Diagnosed via X-ray and bronchoscopic aspirate.
- Treated with Metronidazole.
-
Plasmodium falciparum:
- Responsible for serious malaria; occludes microvasculature in vital organs by parasitized red blood cells (RBC).
- Symptoms feature increased respiratory rate, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
- Treatment involves IV infusion of Quinine hydrochloride.
-
Pneumocystis jirovecii:
- Common opportunistic pathogen in patients with HIV/AIDS.
- Symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, anorexia, and pneumonia.
- Diagnosed using chest X-ray, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) staining, and PCR.
- Treated with TMP-SMX.
-
Loeffler’s Syndrome:
- Associated with parasitic worms like Ascaris, Strongyloides, and Hookworm.
- Symptoms involve asthmatic attacks, wheezing, fever, and paroxysmal cough.
- Diagnosis can include sputum examination and biopsy.
- Treatment options include Thiabendazole, Albendazole, and Mebendazole.
-
Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia:
- Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi; involves immune hyper-response.
- Symptoms consist of severe paroxysmal cough and low-grade fever.
- Diagnosed using X-ray and serological tests.
- Treated with DEC (Diethylcarbamazine).
-
Visceral Larva Migrans:
- Caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati; involves secretion of enzymes and proteins by migrating larvae.
- Symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, nausea, asthmatic attacks, and nocturnal sweats.
- Diagnosed through ELISA and Western blot tests.
- Treated using Albendazole or Thiabendazole.
-
Paragonimus westermani:
- Infects the lungs after consumption of raw or undercooked crab or crayfish.
- Symptoms include rusty colored sputum and persistent cough.
- Diagnosed via stool examination.
- Treated with Praziquantel.
-
Echinococcus granulosus:
- Infection occurs via ingestion of infective eggs from contaminated food or water.
- Diagnosed using ELISA and EITB tests.
- Treatment may require surgical intervention along with Albendazole.
Parasitic Diseases of the Respiratory System
-
Entamoeba histolytica
- Causes complications such as liver abscess and possible perforation through the diaphragm.
- Symptoms include presence of cysts in stool, coughing, and potential involvement of the respiratory system.
- Diagnosis through X-ray and bronchoscopic aspirate, treated with Metronidazole.
-
Plasmodium falciparum
- Leads to serious malaria by occluding microvasculature due to clumping of parasitized red blood cells (RBC).
- Symptoms include increased respiratory rate, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
- Managed with IV infusion of Quinine hydrochloride.
-
Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Alcohol-drug-associated opportunistic infections, particularly in HIV/AIDS patients.
- Symptoms encompass cough, dyspnoea, anorexia.
- Diagnosis via chest X-ray, BAL-staining, and PCR; treated with TMP-SMX.
-
Loeffler’s syndrome
- Associated with Ascaris, Strongyloides, and Hookworm causing mechanical damage in lungs.
- Triggers asthmatic attacks, wheezing, fever, and paroxysmal cough.
- Diagnosed through sputum examination or biopsy, treated with Thiabendazole, Albendazole, or Mebendazole.
-
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
- Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi leading to immune hyper response.
- Symptoms include severe paroxysmal cough and low-grade fever.
- Diagnosis via X-ray and serological tests; treatment involves DEC.
-
Visceral larva migrans
- Caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, with inflammatory reactions due to migrating larvae.
- Symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, nausea, asthmatic attacks, and nocturnal sweats.
- Diagnosis through ELISA and Western blot; treated with Albendazole or Thiabendazole.
-
Paragonimus westermani
- Infection occurs through consumption of raw or undercooked crab or crayfish.
- Symptoms include rusty colored sputum and cough.
- Diagnosed through stool examination; treatment involves Praziquantel.
-
Echinococcus granulosus
- Infection occurs by ingesting infective eggs in contaminated food or water.
- Diagnosis through ELISA and EITB, treatment options include Albendazole or surgical intervention.
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Description
Explore the various parasitic diseases that affect the respiratory system, specifically focusing on Entamoeba histolytica and Plasmodium falciparum. The quiz covers symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for these diseases. Gain insights into their complications and the impact on health.
