10 Questions
What is a result of tissue insult from larval migration in animals?
Pneumonia and enteritis
What is a common effect of external parasites on animals?
Skin irritation and loss of hair
What is a key consideration when using anti-parasitic drugs?
Efficacy, safety, and economic soundness
What is a precaution when using anti-parasitic drugs?
Following label directions and using with caution in young, old, and debilitated animals
What is a general measure for parasitic control?
Good management and husbandry, sanitation, and natural immunity
What is the main purpose of knowing how anti-parasitic drugs are excreted and/or inactivated?
To identify potential contraindications and adverse reactions
What is the primary difference between vermicides and vermicides?
Vermicides kill the worm, while vermicides expel the worm but do not kill it
What is the consequence of killing microfilariae of Onchocerca species when using ivermectin in horses?
It can cause pruritis, ventral abdominal edema, limb edema, eyelid edema, and fever
What is the primary factor that contributes to the development of anthelmintic resistance?
The transmission of resistance through genes in the eggs of helminthes
What is the ideal property of an anthelmintic in terms of its therapeutic index?
It has a wide therapeutic index
Study Notes
Parasitic Disease in Animals
- Parasitic diseases cause pathophysiological changes that manifest in clinical disease, affecting animal health and economy.
- Internal parasites cause:
- Diarrhea, anemia, and tissue insult from larval migration
- Predisposition to pneumonia, enteritis, intestinal rupture, cirrhosis, and liver abscess
- Aneurysm and embolism
- Increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial invasion
- Decreased productivity (weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass value, and milk production)
- External parasites cause:
- Skin irritation, loss of hair, sunburn, and infection
- Upset of the animal's nervous system
- Loss of blood and fluids, and anemia
- Decreased productivity (weight gain, feed efficiency, hide and carcass value, and milk and wool production)
Parasitic Control Measures
- Good management and husbandry, sanitation, and natural immunity
- Acquired immunity and anti-parasitic drugs
- Judgments for anti-parasitic drug use:
- Efficacy: spectrum, efficacy, and timing
- Safety: adverse effects, drug interactions, and economic soundness
- Precautions: toxicity, dose, route of administration, and precautions
Anti-Parasitic Drugs
- All are potentially toxic, with direct toxic action on the animal and secondary pathology
- Follow label directions, use with care in young, old, and debilitated animals, and avoid use in pregnant animals unless labeled
- Know absorption, excretion, and inactivation of drugs
- Contraindications due to idiosyncratic adverse reactions in specific species or breeds
General Toxic Anti-Parasitic Drug Reactions
- Local irritations: pharynx, larynx, stomach, intestine, or skin
- Difficult breathing, emesis, diarrhea, perforation of intestinal wall
- Systemic: organ toxic reactions (liver, kidney, CVS, Respiratory S., CNS, and ANS)
- Drug interactions, actions not intended, and secondary pathology
Anthelmintics
- Definition: drugs that kill or remove parasitic worms, mainly in the digestive tract and associated organs
- Helminthiasis in animals has significant economic importance worldwide
- Properties of ideal anthelmintics:
- Non-toxic to the host, highly effective on worms, wide therapeutic index, low cost, and easy administration
- Anthelmintic resistance:
- Resistance and cross-resistance occur among anthelmintics
- Resistance transmitted through genes via eggs of helminthes
- Changes in anthelmintics may lead to confusion and difficulty in diagnosis
This quiz covers the effects of parasitic diseases on animal health, including pathophysiological changes and clinical manifestations. Topics include diarrhea, anemia, and tissue damage caused by internal parasites.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
