Podcast
Questions and Answers
When learners create new words to convey a specific concept, it is called ______.
When learners create new words to convey a specific concept, it is called ______.
word coinage
Learners may also transfer knowledge from their first language (L1) into their second language (L2) production. ______ involves directly translating words from the native language.
Learners may also transfer knowledge from their first language (L1) into their second language (L2) production. ______ involves directly translating words from the native language.
literal translation
[Blank] involves describing the characteristics of an object or action instead of using the precise target language structure.
[Blank] involves describing the characteristics of an object or action instead of using the precise target language structure.
circumlocution
[Blank] involves using vocabulary that may not be entirely correct but shares semantic features with the desired word.
[Blank] involves using vocabulary that may not be entirely correct but shares semantic features with the desired word.
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Non-verbal strategies such as miming, gesturing, and sound-imitation can be used by learners to convey meaning without relying on linguistic structures.
Non-verbal strategies such as miming, gesturing, and sound-imitation can be used by learners to convey meaning without relying on linguistic structures.
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In situations where learners lack linguistic knowledge about a problematic topic, they may employ avoidance strategies such as topic avoidance or ______.
In situations where learners lack linguistic knowledge about a problematic topic, they may employ avoidance strategies such as topic avoidance or ______.
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Learners may ask the speaker to explain or repeat a previous statement or provide a needed lexical item using expressions such as 'What do you call...?' or through rising intonation, pauses, eye contact, or puzzled expressions. They may also use all-purpose words or ______ devices.
Learners may ask the speaker to explain or repeat a previous statement or provide a needed lexical item using expressions such as 'What do you call...?' or through rising intonation, pauses, eye contact, or puzzled expressions. They may also use all-purpose words or ______ devices.
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When learners switch from L2 to L1 when communicating in a foreign language, it is called ______.
When learners switch from L2 to L1 when communicating in a foreign language, it is called ______.
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When learners use a superordinate term to refer to a specific hyponym, it is called ______.
When learners use a superordinate term to refer to a specific hyponym, it is called ______.
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All language users, including those using their first language, employ ______.
All language users, including those using their first language, employ ______.
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Paraphrasing is the act of rephrasing a message using an alternative, acceptable construction in the target language when the appropriate form or structure is not known. Paraphrasing can be categorized into ______ subcategories.
Paraphrasing is the act of rephrasing a message using an alternative, acceptable construction in the target language when the appropriate form or structure is not known. Paraphrasing can be categorized into ______ subcategories.
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Foreignising is the creation of nonexistent or inappropriate target language items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology to L1 lexical items. For example, using the L1 word 'lavadora' with L2 pronunciation for 'washing machine' is an example of ______.
Foreignising is the creation of nonexistent or inappropriate target language items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology to L1 lexical items. For example, using the L1 word 'lavadora' with L2 pronunciation for 'washing machine' is an example of ______.
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