Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes a 'population' in statistical terms?
What distinguishes a 'population' in statistical terms?
- A subset used for initial data collection.
- A set of observations impossible to measure.
- A selection of individuals chosen randomly.
- A group of members sharing a common characteristic. (correct)
For what purpose is a 'sample' drawn from a population?
For what purpose is a 'sample' drawn from a population?
- To identify parameters applicable to the population
- To eliminate potential biases in the population
- To encompass the entire population for accuracy
- To represent a larger group for manageable analysis (correct)
What does a 'parameter' describe in the context of statistical analysis?
What does a 'parameter' describe in the context of statistical analysis?
- Only the sample.
- A subset of the population.
- A randomly selected group.
- The entire population. (correct)
To what entity does a 'statistic' apply?
To what entity does a 'statistic' apply?
Which of the following is a key feature of simple random sampling?
Which of the following is a key feature of simple random sampling?
In stratified random sampling, what term refers to a subpopulation?
In stratified random sampling, what term refers to a subpopulation?
How is the population organized in cluster sampling?
How is the population organized in cluster sampling?
When using 1-in-n systematic random sampling, how is 'n' determined?
When using 1-in-n systematic random sampling, how is 'n' determined?
What defines multistage sampling?
What defines multistage sampling?
A researcher calculates that, on average, students spend $50 per week on food on campus. If this value is based on a sample of 200 students, is it a parameter or a statistic?
A researcher calculates that, on average, students spend $50 per week on food on campus. If this value is based on a sample of 200 students, is it a parameter or a statistic?
In a study of a new drug, researchers found that 80% of all patients with a certain condition showed improvement. What is this an example of?
In a study of a new drug, researchers found that 80% of all patients with a certain condition showed improvement. What is this an example of?
A university wants to survey its alumni and decides to randomly select 50 alumni from each of its five colleges. Which sampling method is being used?
A university wants to survey its alumni and decides to randomly select 50 alumni from each of its five colleges. Which sampling method is being used?
A school divides its student population into classes and randomly selects 10 classes to participate in a survey. What type of sampling is used?
A school divides its student population into classes and randomly selects 10 classes to participate in a survey. What type of sampling is used?
To conduct a survey, a researcher obtains a list of all registered voters and selects every 20th name. Which sampling method is applied?
To conduct a survey, a researcher obtains a list of all registered voters and selects every 20th name. Which sampling method is applied?
A research team first selects several cities at random and then surveys households within each of those cities. What kind of sampling are they using?
A research team first selects several cities at random and then surveys households within each of those cities. What kind of sampling are they using?
In a company, a manager wants to assess employee satisfaction. The manager randomly selects 5 departments and surveys all employees in those departments. Which sampling technique is used?
In a company, a manager wants to assess employee satisfaction. The manager randomly selects 5 departments and surveys all employees in those departments. Which sampling technique is used?
Which sampling method is most suitable when the population is naturally divided into identifiable groups?
Which sampling method is most suitable when the population is naturally divided into identifiable groups?
If a researcher wants to ensure proportional representation from different ethnic groups in a study, which sampling method is most appropriate?
If a researcher wants to ensure proportional representation from different ethnic groups in a study, which sampling method is most appropriate?
In a large apartment complex, a manager decides to survey residents by selecting every 10th apartment to visit. What type of sampling is this?
In a large apartment complex, a manager decides to survey residents by selecting every 10th apartment to visit. What type of sampling is this?
A company wants to get feedback from its customers. It randomly selects some of its stores and then surveys the customers in those selected stores. What sampling method is this?
A company wants to get feedback from its customers. It randomly selects some of its stores and then surveys the customers in those selected stores. What sampling method is this?
A polling company conducts a survey in a city by dividing it into districts, randomly selecting some districts, and then randomly selecting households within those districts. Which method is used?
A polling company conducts a survey in a city by dividing it into districts, randomly selecting some districts, and then randomly selecting households within those districts. Which method is used?
A researcher wants to study the TV viewing habits of senior citizens in Metro Manila, taking into consideration different age groups and municipalities. Which sampling method is most appropriate?
A researcher wants to study the TV viewing habits of senior citizens in Metro Manila, taking into consideration different age groups and municipalities. Which sampling method is most appropriate?
Ms. Cruz wants to know the average weekly allowance of grade 10 students. She randomly asks 50 students. She found that the average is $25. What is the statistic?
Ms. Cruz wants to know the average weekly allowance of grade 10 students. She randomly asks 50 students. She found that the average is $25. What is the statistic?
A school canteen does a survey on food preferences. They printed 100 survey forms and randomly select 10 students from each grade level from grade 1 to grade 10. What type of sampling is used?
A school canteen does a survey on food preferences. They printed 100 survey forms and randomly select 10 students from each grade level from grade 1 to grade 10. What type of sampling is used?
A statistical company was commissioned to do a survey on which TV network is most preferred by the viewers in Metro Manila by age group. What type of sampling method can be used?
A statistical company was commissioned to do a survey on which TV network is most preferred by the viewers in Metro Manila by age group. What type of sampling method can be used?
Flashcards
What is a population?
What is a population?
A group where members share a common characteristic; the entire set of observations possible.
What is a sample?
What is a sample?
A smaller group or subset taken from the population for analysis.
What is a parameter?
What is a parameter?
Describes a characteristic of an entire population.
What is a statistic?
What is a statistic?
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What is Simple Random Sampling?
What is Simple Random Sampling?
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What is Stratified Random Sampling?
What is Stratified Random Sampling?
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What is Cluster Sampling?
What is Cluster Sampling?
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What is 1-in- Systematic Random Sampling?
What is 1-in- Systematic Random Sampling?
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What is Multistage Sampling?
What is Multistage Sampling?
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Study Notes
- Parameter, statistic, and sampling plans are important concepts in statistics.
Population
- This is a group where members share a common trait.
- It represents the total set of observations that can be made.
- Examples include senior citizens in Metro Manila and students in a senior high school program.
Sample
- A sample is a smaller group or subset taken from the population.
- Examples include a sample of 500 senior citizens from Metro Manila or 1000 grade 11 students from Metro Manila.
Parameter
- A parameter describes the entire population.
- For example, 45% of the senior citizens in Metro Manila are male.
Statistic
- A statistic describes only the sample.
- For example, twenty-five out of 100 randomly chosen grade 11 students belong to the STEM strand.
Simple Random Sampling
- This is the easiest way to obtain a random sample.
- Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- A computer or calculator can generate random numbers to select the sample, after arranging the population elements in order.
Stratified Random Sampling
- This involves selecting a simple random sample from subpopulations (strata).
- For example, if studying senior citizens, subpopulations could be age groups like 60-69, 70-79, etc.
- The sample will be chosen from each of these subgroups.
Cluster Sampling
- The population is divided into separate groups called clusters.
- A random sample of clusters from the available clusters in the population is selected.
- For example, if the population is all senior citizens from Metro Manila, clusters could be senior citizens from different cities.
- Data is then gathered from selected clusters, such as 5 cities.
1-in-k Systematic Random Sampling
- It involves randomly selecting one of the first elements in an ordered population, then selecting every kth element thereafter.
- The value is calculated by dividing the population size by the sample size.
- As an example, with 500 grade 5 students, to select a sample of 50, every 10th student will be included (500/50 = 10).
Multistage Sampling
- It combines two or more probability sampling techniques
- Multistage sampling can be described as sampling within the sample.
- For example, using cluster sampling to select municipalities in Metro Manila, then stratifying by age groups within those clusters.
Example 1: Battery Life Study
- A quality manager wants to know the average life of batteries manufactured.
- 100 batteries are randomly sampled and tested.
- The average life of the tested batteries is 1100 hours.
- The statistic in this study is the 1100-hour average life of the sampled batteries.
- The parameter is the average life of all batteries that they manufacture.
Example 2: University Satisfaction Survey
- A marketing department surveys student satisfaction.
- They alphabetize student names, pick a random starting point, and survey every 15th student.
- This employs a 1-in-k systematic random sampling method.
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Description
This lesson explores the concepts of population, sample, parameter, and statistic in statistics. It provides examples of each concept and explains simple random sampling. Knowing these concepts is fundamental to understanding statistical analysis.
