Podcast
Questions and Answers
A paramedic is called to assist a patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) would provide the MOST appropriate respiratory protection?
A paramedic is called to assist a patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) would provide the MOST appropriate respiratory protection?
- N95 respirator (correct)
- Standard face shield
- Gloves and gown
- Surgical mask
During a mass casualty incident, effective communication is crucial for safe patient handling. What is the MOST important aspect of team communication to ensure proper lifting and moving techniques are used?
During a mass casualty incident, effective communication is crucial for safe patient handling. What is the MOST important aspect of team communication to ensure proper lifting and moving techniques are used?
- Having each team member announce their lifting capacity.
- Rotating team members frequently to avoid fatigue.
- Designating one person to lead with clear verbal commands. (correct)
- Using a variety of non-verbal cues to signal lifting.
What is the PRIMARY reason for paramedics to consistently practice proper lifting and moving techniques when handling patients, especially during emergency situations?
What is the PRIMARY reason for paramedics to consistently practice proper lifting and moving techniques when handling patients, especially during emergency situations?
- To minimize the risk of injury to themselves and their team. (correct)
- To comply with hospital protocols.
- To impress bystanders with their efficiency.
- To expedite patient transport times.
What is the MOST effective strategy a paramedic can implement to prevent the spread of common communicable diseases in their daily practice?
What is the MOST effective strategy a paramedic can implement to prevent the spread of common communicable diseases in their daily practice?
A new paramedic expresses feeling overwhelmed by the high-stress environment of EMS. Which stress management technique would be MOST effective for managing acute stress during calls?
A new paramedic expresses feeling overwhelmed by the high-stress environment of EMS. Which stress management technique would be MOST effective for managing acute stress during calls?
You have a needle stick exposure while starting an IV on a patient that is known to have Hepatitis C; outside of immediate wound care, what is the NEXT step in handling this situation?
You have a needle stick exposure while starting an IV on a patient that is known to have Hepatitis C; outside of immediate wound care, what is the NEXT step in handling this situation?
To gain the greatest cardiovascular benefit, paramedics who smoke should be encouraged to participate in what type of program?
To gain the greatest cardiovascular benefit, paramedics who smoke should be encouraged to participate in what type of program?
What is the primary role a paramedic should take in promoting overall wellness?
What is the primary role a paramedic should take in promoting overall wellness?
Asking an adult patient for permission before assessing and providing care is an example of obtaining:
Asking an adult patient for permission before assessing and providing care is an example of obtaining:
Which patient scenario poses the greatest public health threat?
Which patient scenario poses the greatest public health threat?
After successfully treating an unresponsive diabetic patient who then regained consciousness, you arrange ambulance transport at a basic level. The patient now alleges you terminated the provider-patient relationship without consent. Which term BEST applies to this situation?
After successfully treating an unresponsive diabetic patient who then regained consciousness, you arrange ambulance transport at a basic level. The patient now alleges you terminated the provider-patient relationship without consent. Which term BEST applies to this situation?
In which of the following situations is it permissible to treat and transport a minor without express parental consent?
In which of the following situations is it permissible to treat and transport a minor without express parental consent?
What is the MOST important reason for EMS providers to participate in research efforts?
What is the MOST important reason for EMS providers to participate in research efforts?
What is the MOST practical method to prevent cross-contamination between patients?
What is the MOST practical method to prevent cross-contamination between patients?
Which of the following BEST indicates that a patient falls into the category of "DNR"?
Which of the following BEST indicates that a patient falls into the category of "DNR"?
An EMS team is dispatched to a bar for a 'man down'. Witnesses state that an intoxicated individual had a seizure and is now uncooperative. The patient resists treatment, yelling profanities and kicking. Which action would MOST clearly demonstrate negligence on the part of rescuers?
An EMS team is dispatched to a bar for a 'man down'. Witnesses state that an intoxicated individual had a seizure and is now uncooperative. The patient resists treatment, yelling profanities and kicking. Which action would MOST clearly demonstrate negligence on the part of rescuers?
During an EMS call, what is the MOST important consideration when communicating with other medical professionals during a transfer of care?
During an EMS call, what is the MOST important consideration when communicating with other medical professionals during a transfer of care?
Which of the following is the GREATEST risk associated with variable EMS shift work?
Which of the following is the GREATEST risk associated with variable EMS shift work?
Which action BEST demonstrates professional conduct for an EMS provider:
Which action BEST demonstrates professional conduct for an EMS provider:
What is the MOST appropriate strategy for developing the ability to perform well under pressure?
What is the MOST appropriate strategy for developing the ability to perform well under pressure?
What is the primary purpose of the Ryan White Act in the context of EMS?
What is the primary purpose of the Ryan White Act in the context of EMS?
An alert and oriented patient with a laceration refuses treatment, despite your concerns about potential infection. Before honoring the patient's refusal, you should FIRST:
An alert and oriented patient with a laceration refuses treatment, despite your concerns about potential infection. Before honoring the patient's refusal, you should FIRST:
An EMS provider failed to recognize a misplaced endotracheal tube, resulting in a negative patient outcome. A new device claims to reduce the likelihood of this occurrence. What is the MOST important consideration BEFORE implementing the new device?
An EMS provider failed to recognize a misplaced endotracheal tube, resulting in a negative patient outcome. A new device claims to reduce the likelihood of this occurrence. What is the MOST important consideration BEFORE implementing the new device?
Which of the following best describes the term 'libel' in the context of EMS legal considerations?
Which of the following best describes the term 'libel' in the context of EMS legal considerations?
You are called to a private residence and are treating a patient with confirmed TB. How should you disinfect your stethoscope?
You are called to a private residence and are treating a patient with confirmed TB. How should you disinfect your stethoscope?
Why would the nurse receiving your patient in the Emergency Department ask you to state the last three sets of vital signs for a GI bleed patient?
Why would the nurse receiving your patient in the Emergency Department ask you to state the last three sets of vital signs for a GI bleed patient?
You are transferring care of a patient to a nurse in the emergency department. Failing to provide a concise and accurate report could be considered:
You are transferring care of a patient to a nurse in the emergency department. Failing to provide a concise and accurate report could be considered:
Which of the following is an example of implied consent?
Which of the following is an example of implied consent?
You are called to a scene where a patient is refusing care. To ensure their refusal is valid, the patient must be:
You are called to a scene where a patient is refusing care. To ensure their refusal is valid, the patient must be:
Which communication technology allows for simultaneous two-way communication?
Which communication technology allows for simultaneous two-way communication?
Upon arrival at a scene, you find a patient with a valid DNR order. What is the MOST important action to take?
Upon arrival at a scene, you find a patient with a valid DNR order. What is the MOST important action to take?
Which of the following components must be included to ensure the validity of a DNR order?
Which of the following components must be included to ensure the validity of a DNR order?
In the context of EMS, what does 'assault' legally refer to?
In the context of EMS, what does 'assault' legally refer to?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action when communicating with a patient who speaks a different language?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action when communicating with a patient who speaks a different language?
What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice in EMS?
What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice in EMS?
During a 911 call, an EMD is collecting information from a caller at an apartment complex. What information would be MOST critical?
During a 911 call, an EMD is collecting information from a caller at an apartment complex. What information would be MOST critical?
What type of radio will you MOST likely have installed in your vehicle?
What type of radio will you MOST likely have installed in your vehicle?
You have been called to the scene of a patient with a serious medical emergency and the patient is now refusing treatment and transportation. What would be the MOST difficult to achieve in order for the refusal to be legitimate?
You have been called to the scene of a patient with a serious medical emergency and the patient is now refusing treatment and transportation. What would be the MOST difficult to achieve in order for the refusal to be legitimate?
Which of the following best illustrates the 'Act' component of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in EMS?
Which of the following best illustrates the 'Act' component of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in EMS?
An EMS provider is called to a scene where a patient is experiencing a mental health crisis. Which in-hospital resource would be MOST appropriate for the EMS provider to utilize?
An EMS provider is called to a scene where a patient is experiencing a mental health crisis. Which in-hospital resource would be MOST appropriate for the EMS provider to utilize?
What is the primary purpose of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT)?
What is the primary purpose of the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT)?
How do community paramedicine and mobile integrated healthcare programs primarily benefit the healthcare system?
How do community paramedicine and mobile integrated healthcare programs primarily benefit the healthcare system?
An EMS provider failed to administer oxygen to a patient experiencing severe respiratory distress, leading to a worsened condition. This is an example of what?
An EMS provider failed to administer oxygen to a patient experiencing severe respiratory distress, leading to a worsened condition. This is an example of what?
An EMT administers the correct dose of medication, but uses an unapproved route, causing harm to the patient. This is an example of:
An EMT administers the correct dose of medication, but uses an unapproved route, causing harm to the patient. This is an example of:
Which of the following is the BEST example of how EMS providers can collaborate with public health sectors to enhance community health?
Which of the following is the BEST example of how EMS providers can collaborate with public health sectors to enhance community health?
Which of the following is an example of a 'vector' in the context of epidemiology?
Which of the following is an example of a 'vector' in the context of epidemiology?
What is the primary role of a Medical Director in an EMS system?
What is the primary role of a Medical Director in an EMS system?
An EMS provider administers a medication to a patient, following the local protocols. Later, research emerges showing this medication is harmful. What protects the provider?
An EMS provider administers a medication to a patient, following the local protocols. Later, research emerges showing this medication is harmful. What protects the provider?
In the context of EMS professionalism, why is empathy considered essential?
In the context of EMS professionalism, why is empathy considered essential?
What is the MOST important reason for EMS providers to participate in continuing education?
What is the MOST important reason for EMS providers to participate in continuing education?
Which of the following describes the primary focus of public health principles in EMS?
Which of the following describes the primary focus of public health principles in EMS?
An EMS provider is at the scene of a motor vehicle accident. What action reflects the FIRST and MOST important responsibility?
An EMS provider is at the scene of a motor vehicle accident. What action reflects the FIRST and MOST important responsibility?
What is the significance of the 1966 White Paper, 'Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society', in the development of EMS?
What is the significance of the 1966 White Paper, 'Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society', in the development of EMS?
Where might documentation of a person's organ donation intentions be found?
Where might documentation of a person's organ donation intentions be found?
Which legal term best describes threatening to immobilize a patient without consent unless they cooperate?
Which legal term best describes threatening to immobilize a patient without consent unless they cooperate?
What is the MOST appropriate response when a protocol for a medical emergency with a traumatic injury places the patient at significant risk?
What is the MOST appropriate response when a protocol for a medical emergency with a traumatic injury places the patient at significant risk?
Which statement best describes the concept of 'Scope of Practice'?
Which statement best describes the concept of 'Scope of Practice'?
Why is an effective verbal report at the hospital considered essential?
Why is an effective verbal report at the hospital considered essential?
A patient with a productive cough, night sweats, and breathing difficulties at a homeless shelter requires what precaution?
A patient with a productive cough, night sweats, and breathing difficulties at a homeless shelter requires what precaution?
Why is efficient and effective radio communication important? (Select all that apply)
Why is efficient and effective radio communication important? (Select all that apply)
Which attribute increases effectiveness and efficiency in verbal communication?
Which attribute increases effectiveness and efficiency in verbal communication?
During CPR on a cardiac arrest patient, family states the patient has a DNR but cannot locate the paperwork. How do you proceed?
During CPR on a cardiac arrest patient, family states the patient has a DNR but cannot locate the paperwork. How do you proceed?
Which personal protective equipment is most appropriate for a patient presenting with a productive cough, fever, and weakness?
Which personal protective equipment is most appropriate for a patient presenting with a productive cough, fever, and weakness?
Flashcards
Sharps Container
Sharps Container
A puncture-proof container for used needles and other sharp medical instruments.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Using equipment like gloves, masks, and eye protection to prevent contact with bodily fluids.
Hand Hygiene
Hand Hygiene
Washing hands with soap and water to remove germs.
Proper Lifting Techniques
Proper Lifting Techniques
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Stress Management Techniques
Stress Management Techniques
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Phases of Stress (Hans Selye)
Phases of Stress (Hans Selye)
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Reducing Employee Injury Risk
Reducing Employee Injury Risk
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EMS System Components
EMS System Components
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In-Hospital EMS
In-Hospital EMS
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Technological Advances in EMS
Technological Advances in EMS
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Responsibilities of EMS
Responsibilities of EMS
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Professionalism in EMS
Professionalism in EMS
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Appearance and Ethics in EMS
Appearance and Ethics in EMS
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Patient-First Attitude
Patient-First Attitude
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EMS Protocols
EMS Protocols
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Standing Orders
Standing Orders
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Continuing Education
Continuing Education
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Reason for EMS Research
Reason for EMS Research
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Role of National Associations
Role of National Associations
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology
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Duty to Act
Duty to Act
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Breach of Duty
Breach of Duty
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Proximate Cause
Proximate Cause
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Good Samaritan Laws
Good Samaritan Laws
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Expressed Consent
Expressed Consent
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Implied Consent
Implied Consent
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Defamation
Defamation
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Libel
Libel
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Slander
Slander
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Abandonment
Abandonment
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Assault
Assault
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Battery
Battery
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Ryan White Act
Ryan White Act
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DNR Orders
DNR Orders
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Simplex Radio
Simplex Radio
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Duplex Radio
Duplex Radio
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Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)
Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)
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Organ Donation Documentation
Organ Donation Documentation
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Assault (in a medical context)
Assault (in a medical context)
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Protocol Deviation
Protocol Deviation
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Scope of Practice
Scope of Practice
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Importance of Verbal Report
Importance of Verbal Report
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Protecting From a Coughing Patient
Protecting From a Coughing Patient
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Efficient Radio Communication
Efficient Radio Communication
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Verbal Communication Attribute
Verbal Communication Attribute
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CPR with Missing DNR
CPR with Missing DNR
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Critical Incident Stress Sign
Critical Incident Stress Sign
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Public Health Threat
Public Health Threat
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Treating Minors Without Consent
Treating Minors Without Consent
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EMS Research Importance
EMS Research Importance
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Preventing Cross Contamination
Preventing Cross Contamination
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DNR Indicators
DNR Indicators
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Improve Physical Fitness
Improve Physical Fitness
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EMS Communication Advice
EMS Communication Advice
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Risks of Shift Work
Risks of Shift Work
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Thinking Under Pressure
Thinking Under Pressure
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Physical Wellness
Physical Wellness
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Public Health Programs
Public Health Programs
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PPE for Endotracheal Intubation
PPE for Endotracheal Intubation
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Favorable qualities of a scene leader
Favorable qualities of a scene leader
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Study Notes
Infection Control & Disease Prevention
- Sharps go into designated sharps containers.
Contaminated Materials
- Diapers should be discarded in trash cans.
PPE & BSI
- An N95 respirator should be used when dealing with tuberculosis (TB) patients.
- A face shield should be worn during intubations.
- Hand washing is the #1 way to prevent infection transmission.
Proper Lifting Techniques & Body Mechanics
- Keep the load close to the body when lifting.
- Use leg muscles when lifting.
- Avoid twisting or turning while lifting.
- Communication with the team is crucial for coordination.
- Designate one person to lead with verbal commands during lifting.
EMS Wellness & Stress Management
- Health, wellness, and behavior change programs are important for EMS providers.
- Education on nutrition and hydration is vital; lack of hydration can lead to kidney stones.
- Smoking cessation provides the greatest cardiovascular benefit.
- Reframing thoughts and controlled breathing are techniques to manage acute stress.
- The phases of stress, according to Hans Selye, are alarm/fight or flight, resistance (coping mechanisms activate), and exhaustion, which diminishes the ability to rest.
- Driver safety programs are necessary.
- Injury and illness prevention programs are important.
- Education and training should include proper hydration and safe lifting techniques.
- Smoking/behavior changes can be addressed through replacement therapy or quitting cold turkey.
Ethical/Professional Practices
- Report exposures and use proper medical precautions (BSI/PPE) to protect against communicable diseases.
Week 1 Test Questions
- High self-expectations increase a paramedic's risk for a stress reaction.
- Treating a TB patient while wearing a surgical mask is an exposure worth reporting.
- Implementing a safety driver course reduces the chance of serious injury to an employee.
- Common health communicable disease prevention tactics include proper hand washing, diaper disposal, and proper cleaning of absorbents.
- Dispose of needles in sharps containers and bloodied supplies in biohazard bags.
- A paramedic's principal role in promoting wellness involves participating in wellness programs themselves.
- Properly lift and move patients during emergency moves to reduce the risk of injury.
- Reframing thoughts is a stress management technique.
- Measles can be transmitted through airborne droplets and direct contact.
- The most important piece of equipment to bring on scene is an AED.
Overview of EMS Systems
- Out-of-hospital components include community responders, EMS, fire/rescue, hazardous materials services, law enforcement, and utilities.
- In-hospital components include emergency RNs, advanced PAs, doctors, mental health providers, and rehab services.
- Technological advances include telemedicine, smartphone apps for emergencies, and virtual consults.
History/Development of EMS
- Key milestones include the 1966 "White Paper," the 1970 establishment of the National Registry, and the 1973 EMS Systems Act, which outlined 15 components of EMS.
Roles/Responsibilities of EMS
- Preparation, response (personal/scene safety), patient assessment, patient management (with medical direction as needed), and disposition/documentation are key responsibilities.
- Honor patient preferences when possible.
Professionalism
- Leadership, empathy, integrity, teamwork, and time management are important.
- A clean, pressed uniform is part of maintaining a professional appearance.
- The EMS Code of Ethics emphasizes a patient-first attitude and quality care, treating patients how you would want your family treated.
EMS Protocols/Medical Oversight
- Medical directors, with EMS input, develop protocols.
- Standing orders are utilized.
- The scope of practice is defined by state regulations and medical director delegation.
- Local protocols are determined by the medical director.
Education, Certification, Licensure
- EMR, EMT, AEMT, and Paramedic represent different levels of certification.
- Continuing education is important for refresher courses, recertification, and skill maintenance.
- Certification exams are administered by the National Registry to establish competency.
Scene Management/Quality Improvement
- System-wide care evaluations are conducted.
- Defined scene roles minimize errors and duplication.
- The most important piece of equipment to bring to every scene is an AED.
Advanced EMS Concepts
- EMS research and evidence-based medicine enhance care protocols.
- Participation in EMS research helps determine if field practices are effective.
- Evidence-based medicine enhances care protocols.
Generalized Week 2 Exam
- National associations and a national registry agency ensure the competency of out-of-hospital EMS personnel.
- Local/state-level agencies define who may function within the system, allocate funds, and enact legislation.
- Medics benefit the health care system by supporting primary care to patients in out-of-hospital settings; they also promote wellness, prevent illness/injury via community paramedicine/mobile integrated health programs, and educate the public on when to call and how to handle chronic/acute issues.
- Patient destination is no longer just the ED: urgent care and crisis centers are other options.
- Examples of local protocols: 1973 Emergency Medical Services System Act with 15 components and 1988 NHTSA 10 system elements.
- Local protocols are created collaboratively by medical directors, local agencies, state EMS authorities, and advisory councils.
- Protocols are based on new research, technology, and community needs.
- The National EMS Scope of Practice Model, AHA, and NREMT standards influence protocols.
Components of Continuous Quality Improvement
- Plan: Identify areas needing improvement based on data (EPCRs).
- Do: Implement targeted interventions (training, protocol updates).
- Check: Monitor outcomes and effectiveness.
- Act: Adjust strategies and reinforce best practices.
Continuing Education Units (CEUs)
- Maintaining certification is the medic's responsibility.
- Develop further knowledge/skills.
- Keep up with the emergency health care delivery system.
Ethics
- Ethics are rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group or profession, not laws.
- Ethics are standards for honorable behavior.
- Oath of Geneva-1948.
- National Association of EMTs adopted EMT Code of Ethics-1978.
Public Health Principles
- Public Health protects/improving community health/policies through: health promotion, disease surveillance, disaster management, and injury prevention programs
- Accomplishments in PH: Vaccines, motor vehicle safety (seatbelt usage*), workplace safety, control of infectious diseases, tobacco use reduction.
Epidemiology
- Epidemiology relates to the study of disease incidence/ prevalence in populations.
- Epidemic relates to a small/local population, controlled by local health.
- Pandemic relates to a larger population, controlled by CDC.
- Carrier is someone who comes in contact with an exposed disease and can unknowingly begin the spread of said disease
- Host is a the person or living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent under natural conditions.
- A Vector is described as animate indirect transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host.
- Virulence is the proportion of persons with clinical disease that becomes severely ill or die after being infected.
EMS PROVIDERS as Injury Prevention Advocates
- Collaborates w/ public health sectors- create disaster plans (NIMS), community education, secure funding.
- Community prevention programs are beneficial for: infant/ child safety (carseats*), geriatric falls, work-related injuries, motor vehicle safety awareness, and med misuse.
Medical-Legal & Ethical Aspects
- Ethical responsibilities: treat pts how you would want your family members treated, maintain skills, review performance, maintain HIPPA, work cooperatively w other EMS providers.
Legal Foundations - Types Of Law
- Constitutional: based on the constitution; protects against government abuse.
- Common: AKA case law*; society's acceptance of customs/ norms (can change/ evolve)
- Statutory: created by legislative bodies
- Regulatory: administrative level (think state/ federal).
- Tort Law*: civil wrongs
- Negligence components (malpractice; deviation from accepted standards of care).
Negligence Components
- Duty to act: formal contractual or informal legal obligation to provide care
- Breach of Duty: action/ inaction that violates standard of care expected.
- Malfeasance: wrongful/ unlawful act
- Nonfeasance: failure to perform a required act of duty
- Misfeasance: legal act performed in a harmful/ injurious manner
- Actual damage: res ipsa loquitur- complaintant must prove damages that wasn’t contributed by themselves/ what instruments caused it.
- Proximate cause: action that immediately caused/ worsened damage suffered by pt.
- Defenses against negligence: good samaritan laws, government immunity, proper documentation/ education.
Consent In EMS
- Informed consent: Full disclosure of treatment risk/ benefits
- Expressed consent: Verbal/ written consent
- Implied consent: Think of a pt w/ GCS of 3 & duty to act in situation
- Withdrawal/ refusal of care: Ensure pts are fully informed of risks; pt has to be alert, awareand informed
- Confidentiality (HIPPA) relates.
- Defamation relates to intentional false communication that harms one’s reputation.
- Libel refers to false statements made in writing/ social media; malicious intent/ reckless disregard for falsity of statements
- Slander includes the act of injuring person’s character, name, or reputation by malicious statements w malicious intent or reckless disregard.
Provider-Pt Relationship
- Abandonment relates to the termination of care w/o ensuring continued care (think of providing ALS treatment.
- Assault: Unlawfully places a person in immediate bodily harm w/o their consent.
- Battery: Unlawful touching of an individual. w/o their consent (treating a pt w/o their consent).
Focus Areas For Prevention & EMS Practice
- Ryan white act relates to protect EMS when exposed to infectious diseases (allows pt testing request for communicable diseases after exposure).
- Patient safety & autonomy: prioritize “do no harm”.
- DNR orders: Must be signed by patient and physician to be valid.
Generalized Week 3 Exam
- The value of contribution of effective documentation as one justification for funding.
- You arrive on scene to an unconscious pt. You discover the pt is hypoglycemic and administer glucose. Pt becomes GCS 15 and is refusing all further care including transport to hospital. Partner informs of all risks and has pt sign AMA: decisionifiable, pt was alert aware and informed of all risks.
- Treat patient as you would want your family members treated.
Advanced Directives/DNR Orders
- Should include: Witness/ physician signature, clear description of withheld interventions, have time limit for validity, and does not imply to not treat the patient
- Ensure legal directives are present before withholding resuscitation efforts.
- Purpose of research is.to improve patient outcomes, enhance EMS systems & interventions
- Types of research include: Quantitative (use of numbers), qualitative (use of words- reasons and experiences), mixed-method (combination).
- Evidence based practice: Relies on strong research (randomized controlled trials).
Ethical Research Considerations
- Nuremburg code & Helsinki declaration ensure safety of participants w informed consent.
- Institutional Review Boards (IRBs): Approve and monitor studies.
Week 4 Exam
- Need for study, research methods used, results encountered is found in the abstract
- Name a process of evaluating & interpreting research: Confidence interval. - Importance of Research to EMS: It is in the patient’s best interest.
- Ethics are rules/ standards that govern conduct of memebers of a particular group or profession.
Core Professional Attributes
- Use of plain language, avoid jargon, discuss sensitive issues in private, genuine communication, respecting scope of practice.
Communication Technologies
- Simplex: one sender at a time on single frequency.
- Duplex: Two-way simultaneous communication.
- Trunked systems: Use available frequencies via computer routing.
Mobile and Portable Radios
- Portable relates to pt-side communication.
- Mobile Vehicle-BSED for broader communication.
- Emergin Tools: LTE, GIS,and Video technology Improve Situational awareness.
- Cellular/Broadband: For rural/ urban communication.
Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD)
- A critical task for the EMD is to determine MOI/NOI.
- Critical tasks include providing pre arrival instructions for bystander actions.
- Avoid recommending specific treatments or transport plans.
- The EMD collects "What happened today?" during a 911 call for help in an apartment complex.
Verbal Communication & Reporting
- Verbal reporting includes chief complaint, pertinent negatives, trending vitals, use of unit #.
- Radio etiquette includes speaking clearly/ professionally, avoid codes, protect pt confidentiality & comply with FCC regs (no offensive language).
- A mobile radio is the MOST likely to be installed in the vehicle.
Written Communication
- Includes PCR.
- You should be Objective, Legible and Thorough when writing your report.
- All Medical and Legal info should be included.
- Medical community accepted terminology.
Interpersonal Communication
- Ensures to have clear concise handoffs to hospital staff, do not leave until formal TOC is complete.
- Follow medical control’s advice, verify medication doses & protocols w medical direction if uncertain while on scene.
Communication Challenges
- Misinterpretation, time pressure, unclear semantics can be communication barriers.
- Confirm receiver understands message (ie “do you copy that/ how do you copy?”), use structured formats for clarity as communication solutions..
- Making certain that the patient is fully informed is the MOST difficult to achieve in order for the refusal to be legitimate
- Express Consent is being asked for when you are asking an adult patient if it would be okay for you to assess him and provide care.
Legal Considerations
- Maintain HIPAA (discuss only w involved parties: EMS team, medical control).
- Adhere to FCC regulations & EMS protocols (no offensive language).
- Preserve evidence at scene.
Tips For EMS Success
- Stay current with continuing education.
- Prioritize professionalism/ pt-centered care.
- Leverage technological tools to enhance communication.
- Practice self-care.
- The greatest public health threat is a 24-year-old male who looks very sick and just returned from West Africa.
- Abandonment applies, if that you terminated the provider patient relationship without his consent.
- Treatment and transport of a minor without the express consent of the parents will be allowed when the minor has a life-threatening injury
- Proving changes in procedures make a positive difference is the MOST important reason for EMS providers to participate in research efforts.
- Using disposable equipment prevents cross contamination of patients.
- The family produces a valid document signed by the patient and his or her physician indicates "DNR".
- Stretching will be the BEST to perform daily in order to improve physical fitness.
- An accident driving home from your EMS shift is the LEAST likely to have a duty to act.
- Leaving the scene without further treatment will clearly demonstrate negligence on behalf of the rescuers
- 154 would be an appropriate target heart rate to improve cardiovascular endurance for a 30-year-old with a resting heart rate of 70
- Clarifying that the person accepting care understands what they are trying to describe is important when communicating with other medical professionals during a transfer of care
- Sleep deprivation is the greatest risk associated with variable EMS shift work.
- Wearing a clean, pressed uniform at work demonstrates the BEST professional conduct.
- Raise your technical skills to the instinctive level is the MOST appropriate strategy for developing the ability to think better under pressure.
- Emergency department practice greatly influences how we practiced EMS.
- There must be ample scientific research to support the claim is the MOST important consideration when implementing a new product
- Components of a physical wellness program include: maintaining an appropriate body weight.
- A car seat install could participate as a public health program on injury and illness prevention.
- Medium-level disinfectant is how should you disinfect your stethoscope after treating a patient with confirmed TB
- Preparing body substance isolation precautions in preparation for childbirth: Gloves, gown, and goggles
- Teaching a class on the benefits of hydration would demonstrates your commitment to the wellness of EMS .
- Victims of blunt trauma who have presented with and remain in asystole is considered a criteria for termination of resuscitation.
- To identify any positive or negative trending patterns during transport is what would the nurse ask to state Gl bleed patient's last 3 sets of signs for the patient you brought in. Gloves, mask, and eye protection are items of personal protective isolation equipment regarding during endotracheal intubation.
- A Favorable quality of the scene leader for patient care: Safety conscious at all times, Maintains situational awareness, Accountable for team's actions and outcomes, Creates an appropriate list of differential diagnoses.
- "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society", also known as "The White Paper", was published in 1966.
- Medical Direction: "An on-line physician orders you to perform a procedure you have been trained to perform but is not covered under your protocols."
- Continuing education or skills verification are often required for license or certification renewal accurately describes licensing or certification of EMS providers within a state.
- An agency that offers prenatal education referrals would benefit a 17-year-old female who is 3 months pregnant and no prenatal care benefit the MOST.
- Obtaining the raw data is the MOST common role of the EMS provider in regards to research projects involving EMS
- Intention of Organ Donating is may be found on cards or medic alert tags.
- Assault is the threatening to immobilize a patient to a backboard, without his consent, unless he cooperate with you and your crew.
- Synthesizing an appropriate response would be the response to the medical emergency and the traumatic injury protocol place the patient at significant risk
- Licensed, authorized, and trained to do best describes the "Scope of Practice.
- Integral is made during the transfer of care is why the verbal report is important the hospital
- Covering the patient's mouth with a disposable mask guideline will be MOST important treating a productive cough, fever, and weakness.
- The reasons for providing efficient and effective radio traffic are: to provide for our safety,To receive orders from medical control, To allow the receiving facility to prepare.
- Being genuine, sincere, and honest would describe an attribute for increasing effectiveness and efficiency in verbal communication
- Perform CPR while obtaining additional information from the family and call medical control for direction should you proceed if family members tell you that the patient has terminal cancer, but cannot find his DNR order.
- Disorientation is the MOST that partner is having a critical stress response if striking a pedestrian.
- Suspected elder abuse incidents are where rescuers are required to report incident to authority
- Using gloves Eye protection HEPA respirator on a call for an adult presenting with a productive cough, fever, and weakness are appropriate PPE Educating patients on the symptoms of a heart attack is the greatest impact a paramedic can make in preventing death from a myocardial event.
- Begin and maintain an exercise program reduces or alleviate stress appropriately.
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Description
A set of questions for paramedics focusing on personal safety, communicable disease prevention, effective communication, and stress management techniques in emergency medical services.