Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes a tightly coupled multiprocessing system?
What characterizes a tightly coupled multiprocessing system?
- Processors operate independently without memory sharing.
- Processors share memory and a clock. (correct)
- Processors communicate only through high-speed buses.
- Each processor performs different tasks without synchronization.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of parallel systems?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of parallel systems?
- Resource Sharing (correct)
- Graceful degradation
- Increased throughput
- Increased reliability
What defines asymmetric multiprocessing?
What defines asymmetric multiprocessing?
- Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system.
- Processors share resources equally.
- Each processor is assigned a specific task by a master processor. (correct)
- All processors are interchangeable and have no specific tasks.
Which type of multiprocessing system allows for many processes to run at once without performance deterioration?
Which type of multiprocessing system allows for many processes to run at once without performance deterioration?
What is a key feature of distributed systems?
What is a key feature of distributed systems?
In a symmetric multiprocessing system, how is the workload handled?
In a symmetric multiprocessing system, how is the workload handled?
What is an example of a benefit seen in distributed systems?
What is an example of a benefit seen in distributed systems?
Which scenario likely describes a distributed system?
Which scenario likely describes a distributed system?
What is a characteristic of asymmetric clustering?
What is a characteristic of asymmetric clustering?
Which types of systems are classified as real-time systems?
Which types of systems are classified as real-time systems?
Which of the following best describes hard real-time systems?
Which of the following best describes hard real-time systems?
What are some issues commonly associated with handheld systems?
What are some issues commonly associated with handheld systems?
In what type of computing environment is embedded computing primarily used?
In what type of computing environment is embedded computing primarily used?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soft real-time systems?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soft real-time systems?
What distinguishes symmetric clustering from asymmetric clustering?
What distinguishes symmetric clustering from asymmetric clustering?
Which of the following best describes traditional computing environments?
Which of the following best describes traditional computing environments?
Study Notes
Parallel Systems
- Multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close communication.
- Processors share memory and a clock.
- Communication typically occurs through shared memory.
- Advantages
- Increased throughput.
- Cost-effective.
- Increased reliability.
- Graceful degradation.
- Fail-soft systems.
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
- Each processor executes an identical copy of the operating system.
- Numerous processes can run concurrently without performance degradation.
- Most contemporary operating systems support SMP.
Asymmetric Multiprocessing
- Each processor is assigned a specific task.
- A master processor schedules and allocates work to slave processors.
- Commonly implemented in extremely large systems.
Distributed Systems
- Distribute computation across multiple physical processors.
- Processors have their own local memory.
- Communication between processors occurs using various communication lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines.
- Advantages
- Resource sharing.
- Computation speedup through load sharing.
- Increased reliability.
- Communication capabilities.
Clustered Systems
- Allow two or more systems to share storage.
- Provide high reliability.
- Types
- Asymmetric clustering: One server runs the application while others standby.
- Symmetric clustering: All N hosts concurrently run the application.
Real-Time Systems
- Often employed as control devices in dedicated applications.
- Examples include scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, and some display systems.
- Well-defined fixed-time constraints.
- Types
- Hard real-time:
- Limited or no secondary storage.
- Data stored in short-term memory or read-only memory (ROM).
- Conflicting with time-sharing systems, not supported by general-purpose operating systems.
- Soft real-time:
- Limited utility in industrial control or robotics.
- Useful for applications requiring advanced operating system features, such as multimedia and virtual reality.
- Hard real-time:
Handheld Systems
- Examples include Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and cellular telephones.
- Challenges
- Limited memory.
- Slow processors.
- Small display screens.
Computing Environments
- Types
- Traditional computing.
- Web-based computing.
- Embedded computing.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of parallel systems, including multiprocessor systems such as symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. You'll also learn about the advantages of these systems and the characteristics of distributed systems. Test your understanding of how these technologies improve performance and reliability.
