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Questions and Answers
Which province showed the strongest support for the Pangu party?
Which province showed the strongest support for the Pangu party?
What was the original identity of the MIG before becoming the Melanesian United Front?
What was the original identity of the MIG before becoming the Melanesian United Front?
Who was a significant leader of the Papua Besena party?
Who was a significant leader of the Papua Besena party?
Which party's support broadened geographically by 2002 despite still having a presence in the New Guinea Islands Region?
Which party's support broadened geographically by 2002 despite still having a presence in the New Guinea Islands Region?
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What was the purpose of forming the Papua Action Party?
What was the purpose of forming the Papua Action Party?
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How many seats did Papua Besena win in the 1977 elections for Central Province/National Capital District?
How many seats did Papua Besena win in the 1977 elections for Central Province/National Capital District?
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What sentiment was revived by former Morobe premier Utula Samana in 1987?
What sentiment was revived by former Morobe premier Utula Samana in 1987?
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What was a notable outcome of the regional influence of Papuans in party politics?
What was a notable outcome of the regional influence of Papuans in party politics?
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Which party leader was able to form a national coalition government after the 1972 elections?
Which party leader was able to form a national coalition government after the 1972 elections?
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How many seats did the United Party (UP) actually win in the 1972 elections?
How many seats did the United Party (UP) actually win in the 1972 elections?
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What was a significant outcome of the 1972 elections regarding political party dynamics?
What was a significant outcome of the 1972 elections regarding political party dynamics?
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What did the Final Report of the Constitutional Planning Committee propose regarding political parties?
What did the Final Report of the Constitutional Planning Committee propose regarding political parties?
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What was stipulated in Sections 129–130 of the Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea?
What was stipulated in Sections 129–130 of the Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea?
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What did the Nationalist Pressure Group (NPG) avoid labeling itself as in 1974?
What did the Nationalist Pressure Group (NPG) avoid labeling itself as in 1974?
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Which new political entity emerged in 1974 that represented a coalition aligned against government proposals?
Which new political entity emerged in 1974 that represented a coalition aligned against government proposals?
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How many independent candidates supported the coalition led by Michael Somare in 1972?
How many independent candidates supported the coalition led by Michael Somare in 1972?
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What has had a more significant impact on Papua New Guinea politics compared to class division?
What has had a more significant impact on Papua New Guinea politics compared to class division?
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What primarily drives the development of political collectivities in Papua New Guinea?
What primarily drives the development of political collectivities in Papua New Guinea?
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What factor is NOT typically linked to electoral success in Papua New Guinea?
What factor is NOT typically linked to electoral success in Papua New Guinea?
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Why do many MPs in Papua New Guinea seek a quick return on their time in office?
Why do many MPs in Papua New Guinea seek a quick return on their time in office?
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What is the general expectation of constituents from their MPs in Papua New Guinea?
What is the general expectation of constituents from their MPs in Papua New Guinea?
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What has been observed about party loyalty during national elections in Papua New Guinea?
What has been observed about party loyalty during national elections in Papua New Guinea?
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How do politicians typically compete for electoral positions in Papua New Guinea?
How do politicians typically compete for electoral positions in Papua New Guinea?
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In the context of Papua New Guinea, what does the term 'parochial' imply regarding politics?
In the context of Papua New Guinea, what does the term 'parochial' imply regarding politics?
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Who emerged as the opposition leader after Okuk lost his seat in Simbu?
Who emerged as the opposition leader after Okuk lost his seat in Simbu?
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Which political party did Paias Wingti initially represent before switching to Pangu Pati?
Which political party did Paias Wingti initially represent before switching to Pangu Pati?
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What happened to the coalition government led by Somare in November 1985?
What happened to the coalition government led by Somare in November 1985?
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Which group formed after the first split of Pangu Pati in 1985-1986?
Which group formed after the first split of Pangu Pati in 1985-1986?
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What was the total number of parties as the 1987 election approached?
What was the total number of parties as the 1987 election approached?
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What percentage of candidates in the 1987 election were party-endorsed?
What percentage of candidates in the 1987 election were party-endorsed?
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Which party drew support from the earlier Papua Action Party?
Which party drew support from the earlier Papua Action Party?
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Which of the following parties had the most seats after the 1987 election?
Which of the following parties had the most seats after the 1987 election?
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What was one of the intended purposes of the OLIPPAC?
What was one of the intended purposes of the OLIPPAC?
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How much of the campaign expenses could be reimbursed by the Central Fund for a female candidate who received at least 10 percent of the votes?
How much of the campaign expenses could be reimbursed by the Central Fund for a female candidate who received at least 10 percent of the votes?
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In the 2002 elections, how many female candidates were ultimately elected?
In the 2002 elections, how many female candidates were ultimately elected?
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What issue led to the declaration of 'failed elections' in 2002?
What issue led to the declaration of 'failed elections' in 2002?
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Who formed the government after the 2002 national elections?
Who formed the government after the 2002 national elections?
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What significant change occurred in the number of registered political parties before the 2002 elections?
What significant change occurred in the number of registered political parties before the 2002 elections?
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After the 2002 elections, how many independent candidates were elected?
After the 2002 elections, how many independent candidates were elected?
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What was the outcome of the parliamentary vote for Somare after the 2002 elections?
What was the outcome of the parliamentary vote for Somare after the 2002 elections?
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Study Notes
Papua New Guinea's Political Landscape
- Papua New Guinea experienced its first national election in 1972. No party received a majority, leading to coalition government formation.
- Pangu Party leader Michael Somare, after intense negotiations, formed the first coalition.
- The Pangu Party coalition included Pangu itself, PPP, NP, Mataungan Association and independents.
Post-1972 Developments
- The initial party system saw several shifts and formations including the Nationalist Pressure Group (NPG) in 1974.
- The NPG represented a group advocating for the original Constitutional Planning Committee proposals.
- NPG members retained their original party affiliations, but worked as a unified group on national issues.
Political Landscape in the 1980s
- Several splits occurred in the Pangu Party during 1985-86. One led to the formation of the People’s Democratic Movement (PDM) by Paias Wingti.
- A second split saw the formation of the League for National Advancement (LNA) led by Anthony Siaguru.
- The 1987 election saw the rise of several new parties, reflecting a trend away from party affiliation and towards regional interests.
Regionalism and Personal Networks
- Papua New Guinea politics have been significantly influenced by regionalism, particularly Papuan identity.
- Regionalism has not translated into a structured party organization, as coalitions need to be representative of all regions.
- Personal networks play a crucial role, forming the basis for political alliances.
Electoral Dynamics and Challenges
- Electoral success is largely determined by local factors such as candidate reputation, perceived ability to deliver services, and campaign effectiveness.
- There is limited evidence of a party vote, with national reputations translating to local votes only occasionally.
- High campaign costs and high turnover of parliament member are driving forces for MPs to seek quick returns on their investment, favoring government positions with cabinet portfolios.
- Constituents anticipate their representative to be in government regardless of party affiliation.
2002 Elections and its Aftermath
- The Organic Law on Integrity of Political Parties and Candidates Act (OLIPPAC) was aimed at streamlining the party system.
- The OLIPPAC aimed to reduce post-election lobbying and establish incentives for female candidates, including reimbursement of campaign expenses.
- The 2002 election saw the formation of a new coalition government led by Somare and the National Alliance (NA).
- Despite the OLIPPAC, post-election negotiations persisted, highlighting the enduring importance of personal networks in Papua New Guinea politics.
- The 2002 elections also recorded a substantial number of independent candidates, demonstrating the fragmented nature of the party system.
- The number of registered parties was high, but many lacked significant membership, highlighting the challenges in establishing stable and coherent political parties.
- Subsequent amalgations saw a reduction in the number of parties, with several independent candidates joining the United Resources Party.
Impact of Social and Economic Dynamics
- Class differences have not emerged as a major political cleavage, as a significant portion of the population is involved in subsistence agriculture.
- While a growing gap between rich and poor exists, western class models do not adequately explain economic inequalities in Papua New Guinea.
- Regionalism has had a stronger impact on Papua New Guinea politics than class, yet it has not systematically shaped political party organization.
- Personal networks and local dynamics remain as the primary factors in Papua New Guinea's political landscape, showcasing the complexity and fluidity of the political system.
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Description
Explore the political landscape of Papua New Guinea, starting from its first national election in 1972. Learn about the formation of coalition governments, the role of the Pangu Party, and the significant political developments throughout the decades. This quiz covers key shifts in party dynamics and the emergence of new political movements.
