Panitikan, Tuluyan, Tula: Meaning and Forms

• The meaning of Panitikan, Tuluyan and Tula will be explained

Ano ang Panitikan? (What is Literature?)

• Panitikan originates from "pang-titik-an," combining the prefix "pang" and suffix "an" to the root word "titik."
• "Literatura", a word with Western influence, serves as another term for the field of literature.
• "Literatura" comes from the Latin term "littera," signifying letters.
• Literature reflects life, expressing thoughts, feelings, experiences, aspirations, and people's spirit.
• Literature is considered an art form created through words, and is expressed through writing.
• Some literature is expressed orally.

Dalawang Anyo ng Panitikan (Two Forms of Literature)

• Tuluyan or Prosa is a type of literature that contains sentences and paragraphs presented in a natural flow of ideas.
• There are no rules regarding the number of syllables or rhyming at the end of words.
• Writers have freedom in what they want to write and the beauty and order depend on the writer's method of composing details.

Akdang Pampanitikan sa Ilalalim ng Tuluyan (Literary Works Under Prose)

• Nobela (Novel): a long narrative divided into chapters that takes several readings to finish.
  • It contains many characters and events that can happen in different settings.
• Maikling Kuwento (Short story): a short work containing few characters compared to a novel, which can be finished in one sitting.
  • It typically contains one plot.
• Dula (Play): a work performed on stage, divided into acts, with each act divided into scenes.
  • Experts who write scripts for plays are called playwrights or dramaturists.
• Alamat (Legend): a story about the origin of something
• Pabula (Fable): a type of literature where animals act as characters.
  • It provides good lessons especially for children.
• Anekdota (Anecdote): a short work containing interesting events in a person's life.
  • It aims to give lessons to readers based on the experience of the characters in the story.
• Sanaysay (Essay): a short writing that expresses the opinion of the writer about a topic.
• Talambuhay (Biography): a writing that discusses the life of a person.
• Balita (News): a record of events in society and the environment.

Patula

• Patula is a form of literature emphasizing artistic expression, and demands consideration of meter, syllable count, verses
• It requires creative message delivery to the reader.

Akdang Pampanitikan sa Ilalim ng Anyong Patula (Literary Works Under the Poetry Form)

• Tulang Pasalaysay (Narrative Poetry): expresses important events in a person's life, that can be factual or fictional.
  • Epiko (Epic): a story about heroism.
  • Balad (Ballad): the simplest and shortest narrative poem, commonly sung.
• Tulang Liriko (Lyric Poetry): a type of poem made to be sung.
  • Awiting Bayan (Folk Song): The theme revolves around love, despair, sadness, joy and hope.
  • Soneto (Sonnet): a poem consisting of 14 verses.
  • Elehiya (Elegy)
  • Oda (Ode): a lyrical poem expressing intense emotion
  • Dalit (Psalm): a song that expresses praise to the Lord.
  • Awit at Korido (Song and Corridos): read as they are sung.