Panic of 1893: Causes and Consequences

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the provided information regarding Grover Cleveland's presidency?

  • His foreign policy decisions during his second term.
  • His experiences in the Civil War.
  • His early life and family history.
  • The economic downturn known as the Panic of 1893. (correct)

Which period is covered by Grover Cleveland's two non-consecutive presidencies?

  • 1885 to 1889 and 1892 to 1896
  • 1881 to 1885 and 1889 to 1893
  • 1881 to 1889 and 1893 to 1901
  • 1885 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897 (correct)

What specific economic event is highlighted as a major issue during Grover Cleveland's presidencies?

  • The Great Depression of 1929
  • The Panic of 1893 (correct)
  • The Recession of 1884
  • The Gold Rush of 1898

Besides the Panic of 1893, what other areas are identified as topics related to Grover Cleveland's presidency?

<p>His domestic and foreign policies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tone is indicated by the words "Panic", "Issues", and "Major Events regarding the information about Grover Cleveland?

<p>A focus on the complexities and significance of the challenges he faced as president. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which era did the Panic of 1893 occur?

<p>The Gilded Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate national unemployment rate during the peak of the Panic of 1893?

<p>20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. President served during the Panic of 1893?

<p>Grover Cleveland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary cause of the bank collapses during the Panic of 1893?

<p>Over speculation in railroads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a common result of the Panic of 1893?

<p>Increase in bank lending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Panic of 1893

A severe economic recession in the United States that began in 1893, characterized by widespread bank failures, business closures, and unemployment.

Grover Cleveland's Presidency

Grover Cleveland served as the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, holding two non-consecutive terms.

Cleveland's Presidency and Panic of 1893

The period during Grover Cleveland's presidency was marked by the Panic of 1893, a major economic crisis that significantly impacted the nation.

Challenges Faced by Grover Cleveland

President Grover Cleveland faced a number of challenges during his presidency, including the Panic of 1893 and various domestic and foreign policy issues.

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Impact of the Panic of 1893

The economic downturn of the Panic of 1893 had a significant effect on American society, leading to widespread unemployment and poverty.

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Over Speculation

The practice of investing heavily in something with the hope of making a quick and large profit, often involving risky speculation.

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Bank Runs

A situation where many people line up at banks demanding to withdraw their money, often due to fear or lack of confidence in the bank's stability.

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Deflation

The drastic decline in the value of goods and services, often associated with economic downturns.

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Pullman Strike

A labor strike that took place in 1894 in Chicago, led by workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company protesting wage cuts.

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Gilded Age

The period from the late 19th century to the early 20th century in America, characterized by rapid industrialization and economic growth, but also social inequality and corruption.

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Unemployment

A situation where the demand for labor decreases, leading to widespread unemployment and economic hardship.

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Grover Cleveland

A president during the Panic of 1893, known for his efforts to address the crisis and stabilize the economy.

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What was the Panic of 1893?

A severe economic downturn in the United States that began in 1893, characterized by widespread bank failures, business closures, and unemployment.

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What is overspeculation?

The practice of investing heavily in something with the hope of making a quick and large profit, often involving risky speculation.

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What are bank runs?

A situation where many people line up at banks demanding to withdraw their money, often due to fear or lack of confidence in the bank's stability.

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What is deflation?

The drastic decline in the value of goods and services, often associated with economic downturns.

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What was the Pullman Strike?

A labor strike that took place in 1894 in Chicago, led by workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company protesting wage cuts.

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Study Notes

Panic of 1893: Summary and Facts

  • The Panic of 1893 was a severe financial crisis in the United States, triggering a four-year depression during the Gilded Age.
  • It led to high unemployment, approaching 20%, significant economic hardship, and social unrest, including labor actions like the Pullman Strike.
  • Over-speculation in railroads, especially the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, significantly contributed to the crisis.
  • Major banks collapsed due to these failures, leading to runs on state banks and widespread foreclosures and bankruptcies.
  • Prices for manufactured goods fell, inflation rose, and credit became scarce.
  • The crisis resulted in mass unemployment across various sectors (railroads, factories, and farms).
  • Many people lost their homes and livelihoods, relying on charity for survival.
  • Labor disputes escalated into violent clashes between workers and authorities, exemplified by the Pullman Strike and national strikes by the United Mine Workers of America.
  • Grover Cleveland was president during this crisis, serving two non-consecutive terms, from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889 and March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1897.

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