Medicine II: Final Exam
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a defining feature of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Always involves the rectum (correct)
  • Involves the colon only
  • Always involves the stomach
  • Involves the small intestine only

    • What is the age range for the bimodal peak of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • 20s-30s and 50s-60s (correct)
  • 30s-40s and 60s-70s
  • 10s-20s and 40s-50s
  • 40s-50s and 70s-80s

    • Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Ulcerative Colitis?

  • Fever
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Constipation (correct)

    • Which of the following is a potential extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Swelling of eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>5-ASA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last-line treatment for Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard screening method for colon cancer?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for acute alcoholic liver disease?

    <p>Supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus has a vaccine available?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Crohn's Disease in the small bowel?

    <p>Non-bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of transmural inflammation in Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Inflammation involving the entire thickness of the colon wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Abscess, fistula, and stricture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Skip lesions in the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic test for Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Colonoscopy and biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following liver function tests is specific to the liver?

    <p>ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Steatorrhea and digestive discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a symptom of cholestasis?

    <p>Jaundice and itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a complication of acute cholangitis?

    <p>Hypotension and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

    <p>Destruction/fibrosis of intra/extrahepatic ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

    <p>Inflammation + fat, asymptomatic a/w metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of diverticulitis?

    <p>Inflammation/infection of diverticula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for acquiring pylori infection?

    <p>Living in a crowded environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic test for pylori infection?

    <p>Urea breath test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is used less now for pylori infection due to increased resistance?

    <p>Clarithromycin-based Triple Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential sequela of pylori infection?

    <p>Gastric adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea with high mortality in the elderly?

    <p>C. diff infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a lifestyle factor associated with constipation?

    <p>Low oral intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following liver function tests is elevated in biliary tract obstruction or alcohol consumption?

    <p>GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following liver function tests is specific to the liver?

    <p>ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of acute Hepatitis A?

    <p>Transmission through contaminated food/water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a diagnostic test for Hepatitis B?

    <p>Positive HBsAg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential consequence of chronic Hepatitis C infection?

    <p>Risk for cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB)?

    <p>Diverticulosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of occult gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>Often slow and morbid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Can involve the colon more proximally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Immunomodulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Swelling of eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last-line treatment for Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Biologics/JAK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the bimodal peak of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>20s-30s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for acquiring pylori infection?

    <p>Having a large number of siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic constipation?

    <p>Response to fiber and laxative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Lactose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of chronic constipation?

    <p>Diverticula formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic test for Clostridium difficile infection?

    <p>Toxin A&amp;B EIA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential extraintestinal manifestation of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Gastric MALT lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Multi-organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Pancreatic hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of cholestasis?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

    <p>Associated with ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fatty liver disease?

    <p>Associated with metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of diverticulitis?

    <p>Inflammation of diverticula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a defining feature of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Involves the colon only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Inflammation of mucosa layer only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a symptom of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a diagnostic test for Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Colonoscopy &amp; biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a first-line treatment for Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>5-ASA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is an extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Swelling of eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Results in transmural inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a symptom of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Episodic abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following liver function tests is elevated in biliary tract obstruction or alcohol consumption?

    <p>GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential cause of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Lipase or amylase &gt; 3 times normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following liver function tests is elevated in hepatocellular injury?

    <p>ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential complication of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Multi-organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a symptom of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Steatorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential consequence of cholestasis?

    <p>Malabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

    <p>Destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)?

    <p>Inflammation + fat in liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of diverticulitis?

    <p>Inflammation/infection of diverticula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the gold standard for screening colon cancer?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential transmission route for Hepatitis B?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of chronic Hepatitis C infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential symptom of alcoholic liver disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential diagnostic test for celiac disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for acquiring pylori infection?

    <p>Living in a rural area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>MALT lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of primary constipation?

    <p>Slow transit with coordinated colonic motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Change in stool caliber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of osmotic diarrhea?

    <p>Decreased absorption of water and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of secondary constipation?

    <p>Urinary incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a defining feature of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Relapsing &amp; remitting episodes of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of chronic constipation?

    <p>Diverticulitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a diagnostic test for Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Colonoscopy &amp; biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing colon cancer?

    <p>Diverticulosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the gold standard for screening colon cancer?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of chronic Hepatitis C infection?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential consequence of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a symptom of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Non-bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following liver function tests is elevated in biliary tract obstruction?

    <p>Alkaline phosphatase (Alk phos)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Alcohol use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for acquiring H. pylori infection?

    <p>Living in a crowded environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended diagnostic test for H. pylori infection?

    <p>Urea breath test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential sequela of H. pylori infection?

    <p>Gastric adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea?

    <p>C. difficile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential symptom of cholelithiasis?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential consequence of primary biliary cholangitis?

    <p>Malabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential cause of acute cholangitis?

    <p>Stone in common bile or pancreatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential consequence of alcoholic liver disease?

    <p>Biliary cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defining feature of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Involves the colon only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>5-ASA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Swelling of skin (Erythema nodosum)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for developing chronic Helicobacter pylori infection?

    <p>Living in a crowded living environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of chronic constipation?

    <p>Diverticula formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of secretory diarrhea?

    <p>Inflammatory bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic diarrhea?

    <p>Increased stool consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential symptom of celiac disease?

    <p>Chronic fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for developing colon cancer?

    <p>Ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the gold standard for diagnosing celiac disease?

    <p>Duodenal biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential symptom of Crohn's Disease?

    <p>Non-bloody diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following liver function tests is elevated in biliary tract obstruction?

    <p>Alkaline phosphatase (Alk phos)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential consequence of chronic Hepatitis C infection?

    <p>Liver cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis?

    <p>Presence of liver inflammation and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential complication of acute cholangitis?

    <p>Hepatic abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a symptom of cholecystitis?

    <p>RUQ pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a potential cause of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Alcohol intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

    <p>Associated with ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrointestinal Conditions and Liver Function Tests

    • Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are both immune-mediated conditions characterized by relapsing and remitting episodes of inflammation.
    • Ulcerative colitis specifically involves the colon and always involves the rectum, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract.
    • Ulcerative colitis is characterized by inflammation of the mucosa layer of the colon, while Crohn's disease involves the entire thickness of the colon wall.
    • Symptoms of ulcerative colitis include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, anemia, and joint swelling, among others.
    • Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is done through colonoscopy and biopsy.
    • Treatment for both conditions includes medications such as 5-ASA, immunomodulators, steroids, and biologics, with surgery being a last-line option.
    • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by altered GI motility and visceral hypersensitivity, and is diagnosed based on recurrent abdominal pain without other causes.
    • Treatment for IBS mainly involves vigorous exercise, while diet changes are not considered helpful.
    • Liver function tests such as ALT, AST, Alk phos, GGT, bilirubin, PT, and INR are used to assess liver function and injury.
    • Acute hepatocellular damage is indicated by elevated AST and ALT levels, while biliary obstruction/cholestasis is indicated by elevated Alk phos and GGT levels.
    • Gilbert's syndrome is a benign condition characterized by mildly elevated bilirubin levels.
    • Conditions such as acute pancreatitis, cholestasis, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis have specific diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches.

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