Pancreatic Health and Disorders Quiz

<p>To store digestive enzymes in inactive forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction leads to inflammation due to pressure build-up. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into the Ampulla of Vater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enterokinase activates trypsinogen into trypsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate insulin secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine acinar cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ALT over 150 U/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digesting proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pancreatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 to 3 liters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic pancreatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protease inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pancreatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates benign obstruction or cirrhosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases the ratio without affecting C-peptide levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levels greater than 1000 pg/mL are common in cases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ratio of 0.3 or higher. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal fat test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia and weight loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duodenal fluid analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase alone suffices for diagnosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CA19-9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not sensitive for low to moderate grade disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assesses the prognosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may result in diabetes due to extensive gland destruction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic fibrosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenocarcinomas originate from the ductal epithelial cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in diarrhea and malabsorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both amylase and lipase are significantly elevated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After about 85% to 90% of acinar tissue has been lost. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition marked by an inadequate amount of insulin produced by the pancreas.

A condition where the body's cells are resistant to the effects of insulin, making it difficult for glucose to enter.

An inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by the activation of pancreatic enzymes within the pancreas itself.

A buildup of pressure in the pancreatic duct, often due to a gallstone, which can lead to acute pancreatitis.

A common cause of acute pancreatitis, related to excessive alcohol consumption.

A common cause of acute pancreatitis, often triggered by gallstones blocking the bile duct.

A lab marker that can indicate acute pancreatitis, particularly when elevated above 150 U/L

A condition that can significantly increase the risk of mortality in acute pancreatitis.

The pancreas is a vital organ located behind the stomach, with a tail pointing towards the spleen and a head nestled in the duodenal loop. It plays a key role in digestion and hormone production.

The exocrine function of the pancreas involves producing and releasing digestive enzymes through a network of ductules. These enzymes are crucial for breaking down food.

The endocrine function of the pancreas involves producing hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. These are produced by specialized cells called islets of Langerhans.

The primary digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas are proteases, lipases, and amylases. These enzymes break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, respectively.

Most of the pancreatic enzymes are stored in inactive forms called zymogens. This prevents them from digesting the pancreas itself.

Enterokinase, an enzyme found in the small intestine, activates trypsinogen to trypsin. This then activates other pancreatic enzymes.

The pancreas produces about 2-3 liters of pancreatic juice daily. This fluid contains bicarbonate ions, which neutralize stomach acid, and digestive enzymes.

The amount of amylase and lipase activity in pancreatic juice is very high, indicating the pancreas's crucial role in digesting carbohydrates and fats.

A type of inflammation of the pancreas that occurs repeatedly, often as a result of previous acute pancreatitis.

A test used to help diagnose and monitor pancreatic inflammation, although it doesn't reveal the severity of the problem.

A protein that helps diagnose and monitor inflammation, particularly helpful in assessing the prognosis of pancreatitis.

A condition caused by mutations in the chloride transport gene, leading to thick, sticky pancreatic secretions and obstruction.

A test used to identify cystic fibrosis in newborns, measuring the level of an enzyme that can be elevated in CF.

A decrease or loss of pancreatic exocrine function, leading to digestive problems like diarrhea, constipation, and malabsorption.

The most common type of pancreatic cancer, arising from the ductal epithelial cells and having a poor prognosis.

Tumors arising from the islet cells, accounting for a small percentage of pancreatic tumors, often identifiable by hormone production.

A tumor of the pancreas that produces abnormal amounts of insulin, leading to low blood sugar levels.

A blood test that measures the amount of glucagon in the blood. It is used to diagnose glucagonomas, tumors of the pancreas that produce excess glucagon.

A rare condition where the pancreas releases more glucagon than normal. This leads to high blood sugar levels and other symptoms.

A group of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones like insulin and glucagon, regulating blood sugar.

Duodenal fluid is the ideal sample for evaluating pancreatic function, containing bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes like amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin.

Fecal analysis is not a reliable indicator of mild to moderate pancreatic acinar tissue dysfunction, as significant loss of pancreatic tissue (85-90%) is required for abnormal fat excretion.

An indirect test that estimates pancreatic function by measuring the breakdown of N-benzoyl-tyrosyl-para-aminobenzoic acid (NBT-PABA).

Elevated blood amylase and lipase levels are commonly used as markers of pancreatic injury, often indicating acute pancreatitis.

Lipase is more specific for pancreatitis than amylase, making it the preferred test for diagnosing acute pancreatitis.

CA19-9 is a widely used tumor marker, but its specificity for pancreatic cancer is limited.