13B. Pancreatic Disorders

<p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A threefold increase in serum lipase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belt-type pain radiating to the back (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intraductal pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of fatty acid ethyl esters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming &gt; 40 g/d for over 5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-fold increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic acinar cell damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cullen's sign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 ml/kg bolus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbapenems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive protein intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductal adenocarcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilation of the pancreatic duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>KRAS mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migratory thrombophlebitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vago-pancreatic reflex and acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of NaHCO3 and digestive enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low carbohydrate diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8.0-8.3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 out of 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol promotes basolateral secretion of lipase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-3 liters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cullen’s sign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixed meal of 20 kcal/kg body weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute pancreatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Administer 10 ml/kg bolus for hypovolemia, then 1.5 ml/kg/h.

Combination of paracetamol, metamizole, opiates, and epidural analgesia for pain relief.

Carbapenems used to prevent infection in pancreatitis.

15-35 kcal/kg/day energy, 3-6 g/kg/day glucose, 1.2-1.8 g/kg/day protein based on need.

Alcohol and smoking together increase the risk of chronic pancreatitis.

Fibrosis, loss of acinar tissue, and ductal changes characterize chronic pancreatitis.

Most common pancreatic cancer, invasive, with glandular differentiation, poor prognosis.

Common mutation in pancreatic cancer influencing cell proliferation located on chromosome 12p12.1.

The part of the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid digestion.

Cells in the exocrine pancreas that secrete enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases.

A mixture produced by the exocrine pancreas, containing enzymes and bicarbonate, essential for digestion.

The release of bicarbonate from pancreatic ducts to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum.

A sudden inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can cause severe abdominal pain and complications.

Criteria used to diagnose acute pancreatitis, requiring specific clinical and laboratory findings.

Common causes include gallstones and alcohol abuse.

Pancreatitis resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, leading to enzyme imbalance.

A clinical sign of acute pancreatitis characterized by bruising around the belly button.

Includes tobacco use, long-term alcohol consumption, and genetics.

Ongoing issues like hypovolemia and fluid loss that worsen pancreatitis.

The part of the pancreas that produces hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Long-term inflammation of the pancreas that results in permanent damage.

Involves checking medical history, lab tests, and imaging to find the cause.

Neural mechanism that stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion.

10 ml/kg bolus for hypovolemia, then 1.5 ml/kg/h.

Caused by alcohol, smoking, genetics, and idiopathic factors.

Requires drainage to manage infected necrotic tissue.

Energy: 15-35 kcal/kg/day; glucose: 3-6 g/kg/day.

Common pancreatic cancer, poor prognosis, presents with jaundice.

Migratory thrombophlebitis indicating underlying malignancy.

Common mutation in pancreatic cancer that affects growth.

Cells in the pancreas that secrete large amounts of bicarbonate.

Hormone released based on protein concentration to stimulate pancreatic secretions.

Factors like somatostatin and sympathetic stimuli that reduce exocrine function.

A response in the first 24-48 hours of pancreatitis leading to inflammation and organ dysfunction.

Bruising on the flanks indicating internal bleeding in acute pancreatitis.

Including gallstones, alcohol abuse, and high-fat diets that could trigger episodes.

Includes tobacco use, family history, and diabetes type 2.