PALS Test Questions Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the chest compression depth for infants?

3 inches

2 inches

1 inch

1.5 inches (correct)

What is the maximum compression depth for an infant?

2.4 inches or 6 cm

What is the chest compression depth for children?

2 inches or 5 cm

What is the compression rate for infants and children?

100-120 compressions per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression to breath ratio for a single rescuer?

30 compressions to 2 breaths Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression to breath ratio for two rescuers?

15 compressions to 2 breaths Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of rescue breathing?

1 breath every 6-8 seconds or 8-10 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of isotonic crystalloids?

Normal Saline Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid challenge amount for hypotension?

20 mL/kg Signup and view all the answers

Match the age group to the minimum systolic blood pressure for PALS:

0-1 month old = 60 mmHg 1 month-1 year = 70 mmHg 1 year-10 years = 70 + (2 x age) mmHg Over 10 years = 90 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose of atropine pre-intubation?

0.02 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers

Which medications are used for shock refractory VF or pulseless tachycardia?

Lidocaine Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosage of Amiodarone?

5 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers

Indications for epinephrine in cardiac arrest include which of the following?

Hypotensive shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the target temperature management post cardiac arrest?

5 days of normothermia (36C-37.5C or 96.8F-99.5F) Signup and view all the answers

Match the inotrope drugs with their types:

Dopamine = Inotrope Dobutamine = Inotrope Epinephrine = Inotrope and vasopressor Signup and view all the answers

What is considered normoxemia in terms of oxygen saturation?

94% or above Signup and view all the answers

Which roles are included in PALS?

Medications Signup and view all the answers

What are the oxygen saturation level goals?

94%-99% Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid bolus during post cardiac arrest care?

5-10 mL/kg over 10-20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are causes of secondary brain injury?

Hyperthermia Signup and view all the answers

Match the defibrillation joules with the type:

Initial defibrillation = 2 Joules Refractory defibrillation = 4 Joules Signup and view all the answers

What are the temperature and timing for permissive hypothermia post cardiac arrest?

32C-34C (89.6F-98.2F) for 2 days followed by 3 days of normothermia Signup and view all the answers

What are the sites for intraosseous (IO) access?

Medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

How do you evaluate alert/awake/responsive?

Appearance, breathing, circulation Signup and view all the answers

What should always follow intraosseous (IO) placement?

NS flush 5-10 mL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chest Compression Depth

Infant compression depth: 1.5 inches (4 cm), approximately 1/3 of the anterior-posterior diameter.
Child compression depth: 2 inches (5 cm), also 1/3 of the anterior-posterior diameter.
Maximum compression depth for infants: 2.4 inches (6 cm).

Compression Rates and Ratios

Compression rate for infants, children, and adolescents: 100-120 compressions per minute.
Single rescuer CPR ratio: 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths.
Two rescuer CPR ratio: 15 compressions followed by 2 breaths.

Rescue Breathing

Rate of rescue breathing: 1 breath every 6-8 seconds (8-10 breaths per minute).

Isotonic Crystalloids

Two examples of isotonic crystalloids: Normal Saline (NS) and Lactated Ringer's solution.

Fluid Challenges and Blood Pressure

Fluid challenge for hypotension: 20 mL/kg (example: an 18 kg child receives 260 mL).
Blood pressure parameters for PALS:
- Newborn (0-1 month): Minimum 60 systolic.
- 1 month to 1 year: Minimum 70 systolic.
- 1 year to 10 years: Minimum 70 + (2 x age) systolic.
- Over 10 years: Minimum 90 systolic.

Medications and Dosing

Atropine pre-intubation dose: 0.02 mg/kg.
Medications for shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless tachycardia: Lidocaine or Amiodarone.
Amiodarone dosage: 5 mg/kg.

Epinephrine Indications

Indicated in all pulseless arrests, hypotensive shock, anaphylaxis, asthma, and croup.

Targeted Temperature Management

Post-cardiac arrest management: Maintain normothermia (36°C-37.5°C or 96.8°F-99.5°F) for 5 days, avoid hypothermia.

Inotropic Drugs

Three inotropic medications: Dopamine, Dobutamine, and Epinephrine (also acts as a vasopressor).

Oxygenation Standards

Normoxemia: Oxygen saturation of 94% or above.
Encourage oxygen saturation levels between 94% to 99%.

Post Cardiac Arrest Care

Fluid bolus during post-cardiac arrest care: 5-10 mL/kg over 10-20 minutes.

Secondary Brain Injury Causes

Hyperthermia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia can cause secondary brain injury.

Defibrillation Protocol

Initial defibrillation energy: 2 Joules, and if refractory, increase to 4 Joules.

Hypothermia Management

Permissive hypothermia target: 32°C-34°C (89.6°F-93.2°F) for 2 days, followed by 3 days of normothermia.

Intraosseous (IO) Access Sites

Four sites for IO access: Proximal tibia, medial malleolus, distal femur, and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Patient Evaluation

Alert/awake/responsive evaluation focuses on three areas: Appearance, Breathing, and Circulation.

IO Procedure Follow-Up

A normal saline flush of 5-10 mL should always follow intraosseous access.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS). Focus on chest compression depths and rates for infants and children, essential for emergency care and resuscitation. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals preparing for PALS certification.