Pakistani Music and Health Quiz

Musical Characteristics

• Vocal music includes Carnatic and Hindustani music, developed over centuries
• Carnatic music is "temple music" for Hindu gods, based on ragas, and uses similar solo and rhythm instruments (e.g., veena, flute, violin, mridangam, ghatam)
• Hindustani music is from North India, known as Khyal (imagination). It's vocal and lyrical, with devotional songs (kirtans)
• Melismatic style of singing features nasal vocal quality, like in Philippine music
• Samagana style uses set pitches, seen in hymns from the Sama Veda and Rig Veda

Instrumental Music

• Instrumental music can be similar to vocal music but also has distinctive features
• Ghan instruments are non-membranous, percussive with solid resonators (e.g., ghatam, karta, manjira, nout)
• Avanaddh instruments are membranous, solely drums (e.g., dal, dhol, tabla).
• Sushir instruments use air to excite resonators (e.g., shankh, bansuri, surpeti, shehnai)
• Tat instruments are plucked string instruments (e.g., sitar, gotuvadyam, ektar, rabab)
• Vitat instruments are bowed string instruments (e.g., banam, esraj, chikara, chikara)

Vocal Music of Pakistan

• Ghazal: Traditional expressions of love, separation, loneliness
• Qawwali: Devotional music of the Chishti Order, vibrant tradition, performed mainly at Sufi shrines
• Punjabi music strengthens the importance of musical instruments in Pakistan
• Bhangra: A widely recognized Punjabi form, based on the drum rhythm of dhol. (Includes tabla, dholak, harmonium, rubab)

Music of Israel

• West Asian music is modal, emphasizing melodic complexity and ornamentation
• Jewish music has two parts: Devotional (used primarily during Sabbath and holidays, prominent in synagogue leader's (Hazan) art) and secular styles

Scrabble

• A word game played on a 15x15 grid, with individual lettered tiles forming words
• A social game that encourages language skills, mental capabilities, and family interaction
• Components: Gameboard (with light blue, blue, light red, and dark red cells that add bonuses), 100 letter tiles (with frequencies and point values), and a pouch/bag

Parts of Scrabble

• Gameboard: Bonus squares (light blue/double letter, blue/triple letter, light red/double word, dark red/triple word)
• Letter tiles: Categorized by value and frequency (e.g., 9 As, 1 Q with 10 point value).
• Pouch/Bag: Contains letter tiles

Dominoes

• Tile games with large number of tiles derived from Latin "dominus" meaning master of the house
• Chinese and European origins debated, game developed in China
• Rectangular tiles divided into squares with spots called pips/dots.
• Sets: Double six, double nine, double twelve, and double fifteen (having 28, 55, 91 tiles, respectively)
• Variety in number of tile dots for each set

Nature of Dominoes

• Called "bones" from material of earliest dominoes (animal bone or ivory)
• Rectangular tiles (sometimes called “tiles," “stones,” “spinners,” or “men”)
• Spots (or pips) on each end of game tiles, or just plain blanks

Chess

• A strategic board game for 2 players on a checkered board with 64 squares
• Goal: Checkmate the opponent's king
• Components: 8 pawns, 2 rooks, 2 knights, 2 bishops, 1 queen, and 1 king
• Chess pieces move in specific patterns:
• Pawns
• Rook
• Knight
• Bishop
• Queen
• King.

Stages of Infection

• Incubation: Period between pathogen entry and first signs
• Prodomal: Onset of non-specific signs/symptoms
• Illness: Appearance of specific signs/symptoms
• Convalescence: Period when acute symptoms subside

Leading Causes of Death in the Philippines

• Leading causes of morbidity and mortality: Includes data from 2017 and 2019-2020
• Charts with data including Ischemic heart diseases, neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia

Factors Influencing Disease Transmission

• Environmental factors (sanitation, pollution, climate)
• Socio-economic factors (cultural practices, living arrangements)
• Levels of prevention: Primary (immunization, healthy habits), secondary (prompt treatment, screening), and tertiary (rehabilitation, follow-up care)
• Help protocols during pandemics (wearing face masks, social distancing, hand hygiene).

Chain of Infection

• Direct transmission (contact: kissing, handshakes, sleeping with an infected person)
• Indirect transmission:
  • Droplet (coughing, sneezing)
  • Vector-borne (insects that spread illnesses)
  • Air-borne
• Diseases related to each route, and prevention tactics