Pak301 ( Lecture 7)

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Questions and Answers

What was the main objective of the Delhi Muslim Proposals in 1927?

To attain separate electorates for Muslims

To secure statutory Muslim majorities in Punjab and Bengal (correct)

To boycott the Simon Commission

To promote Hindu-Muslim unity

What was the reaction of the Muslim League to the Nehru Report?

They were indifferent to the report's recommendations

They welcomed the report as a step towards Hindu-Muslim unity

They saw the report as an opportunity to collaborate with the British

They opposed the report due to its threat to Muslim interests (correct)

What was the outcome of the Delhi Muslim Proposals?

The Muslim League was divided into the Shafi League and Jinnah League (correct)

The Muslim League was united in its support for Jinnah

The British government accepted all the demands

The Hindu community rejected the proposals outright

What was the chairmanship of the 10-member committee that drafted the Nehru Report?

Motilal Nehru Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Muslim leaders come together to discuss constitutional and political issues?

To revive harmony and prepare constitutional proposals Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the demands made by the Delhi Muslim Proposals?

One-third seats for Muslims in the Central Legislature Signup and view all the answers

According to the 14 points presented by Quaid-i-Azam, what was the condition for passing a law?

Three-fourth of the elected members of a community must declare it is not against their interests Signup and view all the answers

Why did most political parties boycott the Simon Commission?

They did not want to cooperate with the British government Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue in the Second Roundtable Conference?

Minorities and Representation Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Communal Award announced by Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald?

To provide separate electorates for all minorities in India Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mahatma Gandhi start a fast unto death?

To save the life of a low-caste Hindu Signup and view all the answers

Why did Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah not participate in the Third Roundtable Conference?

He was living in London but did not attend Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the conference mentioned in the passage?

No change in party positions and a widening of the Hindu-Muslim gulf Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the White Paper issued by the British government in 1933?

To present a detailed plan for the Indian constitution Signup and view all the answers

When was the Government of India Act approved?

August 1935 Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the efforts to settle the communal problems in India?

The problems remained unchanged Signup and view all the answers

What was the main demand of the Muslim community in India?

Establishment of a separate Muslim state in India Signup and view all the answers

What was the eventual outcome of the Muslim demands for independence?

The creation of Pakistan Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the conference and the subsequent efforts on Hindu-Muslim relations?

Hindu-Muslim relations worsened Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Government of India Act of 1935?

It outlined the working basis of the Indian constitution Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muslim Politics in British India: 1924-1935

Delhi Muslim Proposals (1927)

Led by Quaid-i-Azam, Muslim leaders met in Delhi to discuss constitutional and political issues
Demands included:
- Statutory Muslim majorities in Punjab and Bengal
- No weightage in provinces
- Sind to be separated from Bombay
- Constitutional reforms in NWFP
- One-third seats for Muslims in Central Legislature
- No law to be passed if three-fourth members of the concerned community oppose it
- Muslims would give up 'separate electorate' if demands were accepted

Nehru Report (1928)

Aimed to constitute proposals for the Indian Constitution
Recommendations threatened Muslim interests, including:
- No separate electorate
- No one-third seats for Muslims in Central Assembly
- No reservation of seats for Muslims in Punjab and Bengal
- Sind to be made a province if it can bear its expenses
Quaid-i-Azam tried to amend the Report but was unsuccessful, leading him to remark "it is parting of the ways"

Quaid-i-Azam's Fourteen Points (1929)

Federal system with residuary powers with the provinces
Provincial autonomy
Separate electorate for Muslims
Effective representation to minorities in provinces
One-third representation of Muslims in Central Legislature
One-third Muslim representation in cabinets
No changes in Punjab and Bengal boundaries affecting Muslim majority
Religious freedom to all
No law to be passed if three-fourth elected members of a community declare it against their interests
Sind to be made a separate province
Constitutional reforms in NWFP and Balochistan
Muslim representation in government jobs
Constitutional safeguards for Islamic culture and civilization, education, language, personal laws, and Muslim institutions

Simon Commission (1927-1930)

Sent by the British government to seek Indian opinion on future constitutional arrangements
Proposed a federal system of government with a strong centre, two Houses, and abolition of the Dyarchy system in provinces
Most political parties, including the Congress, boycotted the Commission

Round Table Conferences (1930-1932)

First session: emphasized federalism, self-government, safeguards for minorities, separate electorate, and preferential representation in the central legislature
Second session: key issues were 'Federation' and 'Minorities'
Third session: poorly attended, with no significant progress

Communal Award and Poona Pact (1932)

Announced by Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, the Communal Award included:
- Separate electorate for all minorities of India
- Weightage to minorities
- No Muslim majorities in Punjab and Bengal
- One-third representation for Muslims in the Central Legislature
- One-fourth representation for Muslims in services
- Sind to be made a province
The Poona Pact: an agreement between the Congress and low-caste Hindus (Harijans) to surrender the right to separate electorate, saving Gandhi's life

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Description

Explore the key events and proposals that shaped Muslim politics in British India, including the Delhi Muslim Proposals, Nehru Report, and Quaid-i-Azam's Fourteen Points.