Pak301 ( Lecture 6)

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of the Khilafat Movement in British India?

To establish a separate Muslim state in India

To promote Islamic education and culture in India

To retain the Ottoman Caliphate and preserve Muslim control over holy places (correct)

To overthrow the British colonial rule in India

Which of the following events led to the emergence of the Khilafat Movement in India?

The British colonization of India

The partition of India and Pakistan

The Ottoman Empire's victory in World War I

The Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I (correct)

What was the significance of the Ottoman Caliphate for Indian Muslims?

It was a symbol of Islamic extremism

It was a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah (correct)

It was a symbol of Turkish nationalism

It was a symbol of British colonial power in India

Which of the following newspapers played a key role in provoking sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat?

Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Khilafat Conference held in Delhi in 1919?

The announcement of steps to assault the injustice with the Muslim community Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Indian Muslims consider it their religious duty to help the Ottoman Empire?

Because of their extra-territorial attachments based on Islam Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Allies' victory in World War I?

The imposition of humiliating terms on Turkey Signup and view all the answers

Who were the prominent leaders that participated in the Khilafat Conference in 1919?

Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the All India Khilafat Committee formed in 1919?

It was a committee formed to coordinate the Khilafat Movement across India Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major steps announced by the Khilafat Conference in 1919?

No participation in victory celebrations Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Khilafat Committee's decision to start non-cooperation in May 1920?

The collaboration with the Congress Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue with the Rowlett Act of 1919?

It gave the government authority to persecute any Indian without legal assistance or right to appeal Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Jallianwala Bagh Incident in April 1919?

379 people were killed Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Hijrat Movement?

Because India was declared 'Darul Harab' by the Indian ulama Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Moplah Revolt in Malabar Coast?

The violence increased and worsened the Hindu-Muslim relations Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Chorachori Incident in February 1922?

The Congress volunteers set a police station on fire and 21 policemen were killed Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Attaturk's rise to power in Turkey?

The Khilafat was abolished Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

The movement resulted in the sufferings of the Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the delegations sent to Turkey by the Indian Muslims?

They failed to achieve their objectives Signup and view all the answers

What was the re-affirmation of the reality of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

That religion is a mobilizing force Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat Movement was a religio-political movement launched by Muslims in British India to retain the Ottoman Caliphate and prevent non-Muslims from controlling Muslim holy places.
The movement was triggered by Turkey's alliance with Germany in World War I and the subsequent concerns about Turkey's future.

Goals of the Movement

To preserve the Ottoman Khilafat intact.
To maintain territorial solidarity of Turkey.
To prevent non-Muslims from controlling Muslim holy places.

Dimensions of the Movement

Muslim intellectuals played a crucial role through their writings and journalism.
Prominent newspapers and magazines like Zamindar, Comrade, and Al-Hilal contributed to the movement.

Protests and Conferences

The All India Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in July 1919.
The first Khilafat Conference was held in Delhi in November 1919, with participation from Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru.
The second Khilafat Conference was held in Amritsar in December 1919.
Steps announced included:
- Non-participation in victory celebrations.
- Boycott of British goods.
- Non-cooperation with the government.

Rowlett Act and Jallianwala Bagh Incident

The Rowlett Act was a black law introduced in India, giving the government authority to persecute Indians without legal assistance or right to appeal.
Jinnah resigned from the central legislature in protest.
The Jallianwala Bagh Incident in April 1919 saw General Dyer open fire on a gathering, resulting in 379 deaths.

Non-Cooperation and Hijrat Movement

Non-cooperation strategies included:
- Return of titles.
- Boycott of courts and educational institutions.
- Resignation from jobs.
- Refusal to pay taxes.
The Hijrat Movement (1920-21) saw Indian Muslims migrate to Afghanistan, considering India "Darul Harab" (a place where Muslims cannot practice their religion).

Khilafat Conference and Moplah Revolt

The Khilafat Conference in Karachi in July 1921 expressed loyalty to the Turkish Sultan and decided to continue the agitation.
The Moplah Revolt in Malabar Coast in August 1921 saw Muslims revolt against Hindu landlords, leading to clashes and violence.

End of the Movement and Consequences

The movement ended with Gandhi calling off the movement suddenly.
Developments in Turkey led to the abolition of the Khilafat in 1924, causing widespread resentment among Indian Muslims.
Consequences of the movement included:
- Re-affirmation of religion as a mobilizing force.
- The movement was based on extra-territorialism.
- The suffering of Muslims.
- Short-lived Hindu-Muslim unity.
- Reactivation of the Muslim League and other Muslim organizations.

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Description

This quiz is about the Khilafat Movement launched by Muslims in British India to retain the Ottoman Caliphate and preserve Muslim holy places. It took place from 1919 to 1922 and involved demonstrations, boycotts, and other forms of pressure.