Podcast
Questions and Answers
What architectural feature allowed San Agustin Church to endure severe earthquakes?
What architectural feature allowed San Agustin Church to endure severe earthquakes?
Which feature distinguishes the Manila Cathedral from other early churches in Intramuros?
Which feature distinguishes the Manila Cathedral from other early churches in Intramuros?
What was a primary function of the palisades built during Governor-General Lavezares' rule?
What was a primary function of the palisades built during Governor-General Lavezares' rule?
Characteristics of early churches in Region I include all of the following except:
Characteristics of early churches in Region I include all of the following except:
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What architectural style is attributed to the facade of the Manila Cathedral after its reconstruction?
What architectural style is attributed to the facade of the Manila Cathedral after its reconstruction?
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Who was the sole faculty member of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura when it was first founded?
Who was the sole faculty member of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura when it was first founded?
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Which of the following painters is known for both religious and non-religious artwork?
Which of the following painters is known for both religious and non-religious artwork?
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What event marked the beginning of the Manila art world in 1903?
What event marked the beginning of the Manila art world in 1903?
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Which artwork earned Vicente Rivera y Mir the first prize in the competition organized by Rafael Enriquez?
Which artwork earned Vicente Rivera y Mir the first prize in the competition organized by Rafael Enriquez?
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Which of the following painters was NOT mentioned as a painter during the Spanish period?
Which of the following painters was NOT mentioned as a painter during the Spanish period?
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What was a significant challenge for painters between the Spanish and American periods?
What was a significant challenge for painters between the Spanish and American periods?
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Which of the following artists studied under Agustin Saez at the Academia?
Which of the following artists studied under Agustin Saez at the Academia?
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Who was known as a realist painter during the American Period?
Who was known as a realist painter during the American Period?
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What was the primary subject of sculptures created by Filipino artists before the arrival of the Spaniards?
What was the primary subject of sculptures created by Filipino artists before the arrival of the Spaniards?
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Which monument was constructed in honor of Andres Bonifacio?
Which monument was constructed in honor of Andres Bonifacio?
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Which artist is recognized for his contributions to Modernism in Philippine sculpture?
Which artist is recognized for his contributions to Modernism in Philippine sculpture?
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What architectural style is the Tanay Church an example of?
What architectural style is the Tanay Church an example of?
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What was a common theme in sculptures during the Spanish period?
What was a common theme in sculptures during the Spanish period?
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What was the common feature of the pre-Spanish Filipino house?
What was the common feature of the pre-Spanish Filipino house?
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What was the role of the Mabini Painters?
What was the role of the Mabini Painters?
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Which figure is depicted in a contemplative pose in a monument in Cebu City?
Which figure is depicted in a contemplative pose in a monument in Cebu City?
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Which material was first used for houses during the early Spanish regime?
Which material was first used for houses during the early Spanish regime?
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Study Notes
Painting during the Spanish Period
- First stone churches built in Intramuros in the 17th century.
- Painting in churches began in the Manila area, with priests acting as painters and decorators.
- Augustinian fathers provided drawing lessons to Filipinos.
- Filipino painters had freedom in choosing figure colours.
- Notable painters: Jose Dans, Damiano Domingo, Justiniano, Asuncion, Alfonso Ongpin.
The Academia
- Royal Decree of March 13, 1846 established the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in Manila.
- Agustin Saez was the sole faculty member.
- Lorenzo Rocha succeeded Saez as director in 1867.
- Simon Flores y de la Rosa was a student and painted religious canvases.
- Lorenzo Guerrero, another student, excelled in non-religious and creative painting.
- Further painters include Felix Martinez, Ramon Martinez, Jose Martinez, Manuel Flores, Anselmo Espiritu, Manuel Espiritu, and Pepe Lozano.
- Rafael Enriquez later directed the UP School of Fine Arts, known for "La Muerte de Simon de Anda".
- Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo received international acclaim.
Painting during the Spanish Period - 19th Century Masters
- Juan Luna studied under Saez, Rocha, and Guerrero.
- Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo studied under Saez.
Painting during the American Period
- Painting had less direct value compared to architecture during the American period.
- Fewer painters due to restricted commerce between Spanish and American periods.
- Manila art world emerged in 1903 with Rafael Enriquez's Associacion International de Artistas and exhibitions on Escolta.
- Vicente Rivera y Mir won first prize for "El Sueno Dorado" and Gaston O' Farell for another oil entry.
- Ramon Peralta won second prize for "Cabeza de Estudio".
- Jorge Pineda won second with landscape of Balintawak.
- Fernando Amorsolo won second prize for "Leyendo Periodico".
- Fabian dela Rosa was a prominent realist.
- Jorge Pineda (1879-1946), a well-known artist of the time, mastered lithography.
Painting during the Modern Period
- Artists sketched portraits for a living, earning $5 per drawing.
- A gallery for modern painting opened on Calle Mabini, Ermita (Philippine Art Gallery).
- Igorots, Ifugaos, Mindanao Moslems, Bagobos, and Mangyans were frequent subject matter.
- Artists on Mabini street became known as the "Mabini Painters".
- Mabini painters won major AAP prizes, with Romeo Enriquez's "Sonata" winning first prize.
Sculpture during the Spanish Period
- Native sculpture (mostly idols), existed before Spanish colonization.
- Idols destroyed due to pagan origins.
- Sculptors shifted to religious subjects (saints, crosses, crucifixes) as Christianity spread.
- Filipino sculpture developed significantly in the 19th century.
- Araneta collection includes an unconventional Virgin Mary statue.
Sculpture during the American Period
- Post-1896 revolution, Filipino sculptors created monuments, including Rizal's monuments in plazas.
- Ramon Martinez sculpted a full-figure monument at the "Cry of Balintawak" site in 1905, known as the Bonifacio Monument.
- International competition established a now-iconic Rizal monument design (book and coat).
- Naga City highlights a Bicolano martyrs monument with bronze statue of Rizal, plus angelic figures and female figures on base.
- Cebu City Rizal displays him writting last farewell
Architecture during the Pre-Spanish Period
- Filipino houses used light materials (bamboo, palm, vines, grass, wood).
- Pyramidal roofs and low walls were common.
- Floor raised above the ground.
Architecture during the Spanish Period
- Early houses used lightweight material, later adobe stones.
- Churches on one side of the plaza, Casa Real on the other.
- Native houses outside the town center.
- Intramuros stone walls were an engineering feat.
- San Agustin Church and Manila Cathedral were early architectural highlights, emphasizing massiveness and stability.
- Manila Cathedral rebuilt after earthquakes, featured Renaissance style.
- Parish priests often managed church constructions in provinces.
- Many churches in the Philippines show similar barn-style characteristics
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Description
Explore the evolution of painting in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. Discover how religious figures influenced art, the establishment of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, and notable Filipino painters. This quiz highlights key developments and artists who shaped the artistic landscape of this era.
