Pain Physiology and Receptors

<p>A delta fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in BP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dull aching and poorly localized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arises from skin and subcutaneous tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate the withdrawal reflex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the spinal ganglia and trigeminal nerve ganglia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-adapting receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinothalamic tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate pain processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain signals travel both to the brain and back to the site of injury. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is experienced in a location different from the site of injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergence projection theory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inner aspect of the left arm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral geniculate nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relays pain signals to the sensory cortex. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ischaemia leading to more pain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic nerves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right lower quadrant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with both behavioral and emotional responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unmyelinated C fibers and small diameter myelinated Aδ fibers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the superficial layer of the skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain in general. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are absent in the brain tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are unmyelinated and sensitive to tissue damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect pain associated with potential tissue damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social withdrawal and avoidance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pain signals travel through the sympathetic nervous system, causing increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Pain signals travel through the parasympathetic nervous system, causing decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

Sharp, quick pain that travels through myelinated A-delta fibers, well localized in the skin.

Dull, aching pain that travels through unmyelinated C fibers, poorly localized, and can be felt in deeper tissues.

Pain originating from the skin and subcutaneous tissues, well localized.

Pain originating from muscles, ligaments, joints, or bones, poorly localized.

Pain originating from internal organs, poorly localized, often accompanied by autonomic disturbances.

Pain that originates from superficial somatic structures like skin and subcutaneous tissues.

An unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimuli that activate sensory nerve endings, often associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Pain serves a protective function by eliciting withdrawal reflexes, helping us avoid further harm.

Pain can be caused by various stimuli, including mechanical forces (pressure), thermal changes (hot/cold), or chemical irritants.

Pain receptors are free nerve endings, meaning they lack a protective sheath, and their cell bodies are located in the spinal ganglia (for the body) or trigeminal nerve ganglia (for the face).

Pain receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, particularly in the skin, making us sensitive to potential damage.

Pain receptors respond to different types of stimuli, but only when the intensity reaches a certain threshold known as the noxious threshold, triggering the pain signal.

Pain receptors are considered non-adapting receptors, meaning they do not become less sensitive to pain over time, ensuring continued protection.

When tissue damage occurs, pain-producing substances (PPS) are released, such as bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, acids, excess potassium ions, and prostaglandins. These chemicals stimulate the pain receptors.

Pain felt in a body area different from the source of the pain.

Pain that originates from internal organs (like the heart or stomach) is perceived as coming from a specific area on the skin.

Nerve fibers from the skin and internal organs converge on the same neuron in the spinal cord, causing the brain to misinterpret the pain's origin.

The brain interprets pain as coming from the skin because it's more accustomed to receiving pain signals from the skin.

Pain signals from the diseased organ activate neurons in the spinal cord, making them hyperactive, amplifying pain signals from the skin.

A region of the skin supplied by a single spinal nerve root.

Pain from the heart can be felt in the chest, left arm, jaw, and even the back. This is due to the convergence of nerve fibers from the heart and these areas on the same spinal cord neurons.

Pain from the appendix can be felt around the belly button. This is because nerve fibers from the appendix and this area both connect to the same spinal cord neurons.

Pain receptors are activated when the intensity of the stimuli reaches a certain threshold known as the noxious threshold, triggering the pain signal.

Pain receptors are considered non-adapting receptors, meaning they do not become less sensitive to pain over time. This ensures continued protection from harmful stimuli.

When tissue damage occurs, pain-producing substances (PPS) are released. These chemicals include bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, acids, excess potassium ions, and prostaglandins, which stimulate pain receptors.

The convergence projection theory explains referred pain by stating that nerve fibers from the skin and internal organs converge on the same neuron in the spinal cord. The brain misinterprets the pain's origin.

The facilitation theory suggests that when pain signals from a damaged organ activate neurons in the spinal cord, these neurons become hyperactive, amplifying pain signals from the skin.