Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the type of pain that is caused by the stimulation of specific sensory receptors in the viscera and somatic structures?
What is the type of pain that is caused by the stimulation of specific sensory receptors in the viscera and somatic structures?
Nociceptive pain
Chronic pain is always accompanied by anxiety and clinical signs of sympathetic over-activity.
Chronic pain is always accompanied by anxiety and clinical signs of sympathetic over-activity.
False (B)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute pain?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute pain?
Match the following pain types with their descriptions:
Match the following pain types with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Pain that is perceived at a location different from the source of the pain is called ______ pain.
Pain that is perceived at a location different from the source of the pain is called ______ pain.
Signup and view all the answers
Acute pain is almost invariably the first step in the development of chronic pain.
Acute pain is almost invariably the first step in the development of chronic pain.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of acute pain?
What is the primary purpose of acute pain?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main categories of pain classification based on the underlying mechanism?
What are the two main categories of pain classification based on the underlying mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach is recommended for managing pain?
What approach is recommended for managing pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Non-opioids can include medications like ibuprofen and paracetamol.
Non-opioids can include medications like ibuprofen and paracetamol.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of psychological interventions in pain management?
What is the purpose of psychological interventions in pain management?
Signup and view all the answers
The WHO Analgesic Ladder is effective for managing _____ pain.
The WHO Analgesic Ladder is effective for managing _____ pain.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of pain medication with their classifications:
Match the following types of pain medication with their classifications:
Signup and view all the answers
What principle should be followed when administering analgesics?
What principle should be followed when administering analgesics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following terms refers to a painful syndrome characterized by increased reaction to a stimulus?
Which of the following terms refers to a painful syndrome characterized by increased reaction to a stimulus?
Signup and view all the answers
Pain not reported means the patient is not experiencing pain.
Pain not reported means the patient is not experiencing pain.
Signup and view all the answers
Pain is considered a non-essential experience that does not contribute to survival.
Pain is considered a non-essential experience that does not contribute to survival.
Signup and view all the answers
What encompasses total pain?
What encompasses total pain?
Signup and view all the answers
The right dose of medication is determined by the amount that _____ pain.
The right dose of medication is determined by the amount that _____ pain.
Signup and view all the answers
The least experience of pain that a subject can recognize is known as the ______.
The least experience of pain that a subject can recognize is known as the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of pain in the human body?
What is the primary function of pain in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Pain can only be caused by physical injuries.
Pain can only be caused by physical injuries.
Signup and view all the answers
What physiological systems are involved in the sensation of pain?
What physiological systems are involved in the sensation of pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes visceral pain?
Which of the following describes visceral pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Neuropathic pain is a specific diagnosis and can be identified without any demonstrable lesions.
Neuropathic pain is a specific diagnosis and can be identified without any demonstrable lesions.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the types of pain classification according to the situation?
What are the types of pain classification according to the situation?
Signup and view all the answers
In pain assessment, the _______________ pneumonic helps to remember key questions to ask the patient.
In pain assessment, the _______________ pneumonic helps to remember key questions to ask the patient.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the type of pain to its characteristic:
Match the type of pain to its characteristic:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neuropathic pain?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neuropathic pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Procedural pain is pain that is experienced only during specific movements.
Procedural pain is pain that is experienced only during specific movements.
Signup and view all the answers
What does hyperalgesia refer to?
What does hyperalgesia refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Chronic pain is most effectively relieved when analgesics are administered:
Chronic pain is most effectively relieved when analgesics are administered:
Signup and view all the answers
Non-pharmacological treatments can completely replace pharmacological treatments.
Non-pharmacological treatments can completely replace pharmacological treatments.
Signup and view all the answers
Name two non-pharmacological treatments that may assist with relaxation.
Name two non-pharmacological treatments that may assist with relaxation.
Signup and view all the answers
Physical therapy helps to build strength, maintain energy, and contributes to overall ________.
Physical therapy helps to build strength, maintain energy, and contributes to overall ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following non-pharmacological treatments with their primary benefits:
Match the following non-pharmacological treatments with their primary benefits:
Signup and view all the answers
Which non-pharmacological treatment may help prevent bed sores in bedridden patients?
Which non-pharmacological treatment may help prevent bed sores in bedridden patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Social support has no effect on managing pain.
Social support has no effect on managing pain.
Signup and view all the answers
What is one benefit of using relaxation techniques in pain management?
What is one benefit of using relaxation techniques in pain management?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a rating of 0 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale indicate?
What does a rating of 0 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
The Wong-Baker FACES Scale is suitable for children who are younger than 3 years old.
The Wong-Baker FACES Scale is suitable for children who are younger than 3 years old.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary method of pain assessment in clients according to the content?
What is the primary method of pain assessment in clients according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
The FLACC scale is primarily used for children ___________ years of age or older children who can’t talk.
The FLACC scale is primarily used for children ___________ years of age or older children who can’t talk.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the aim of pain management as stated in the content?
What is the aim of pain management as stated in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following pain scales with their appropriate use:
Match the following pain scales with their appropriate use:
Signup and view all the answers
Treating the underlying cause of pain is not important in pain management.
Treating the underlying cause of pain is not important in pain management.
Signup and view all the answers
In the management of pain, the patient should be pain free at night, at rest during the day, and then during __________.
In the management of pain, the patient should be pain free at night, at rest during the day, and then during __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pain Management Concepts and Challenges
- Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage (IASP, 1994).
- Allodynia is pain caused by a stimulus that does not normally cause pain.
- Analgesia is the absence of pain in response to stimulation that would normally cause pain.
- Dysaesthesia is unpleasant abnormal sensations, potentially spontaneous or provoked.
- Hyperaesthesia is increased sensitivity to sensation.
- Hyperpathia is a painful syndrome featuring increased reaction to stimuli, including repetitive stimuli, and a higher pain threshold.
- Pain threshold is the least amount of pain sensation a person can perceive.
- Pain tolerance level is the greatest level of pain a person is willing to endure.
- Total pain includes physical, psychological, cultural, social, and spiritual aspects of pain.
Outline of Pain Management
- Definitions of pain
- Principles of pain
- Physiology of pain
- Classification of pain
- Assessment of pain
- Management of pain
- Treatment Principles
- Non-pharmacological treatment
Physiology of Pain
- Pain pathways involve the peripheral and central nervous systems.
- Pain sensation has an initial sharp phase followed by a longer dull phase, due to different nerve fiber speeds.
- Cellular damage releases chemicals that influence nerve activity and pain intensity.
- Referred pain is when pain from internal organs is perceived in a different location on the body.
- Chronic pain can lead to altered pain perception, increased sensitivity, and unusual sensations like burning or numbness.
Classification of Pain
- Pain can be classified by duration (acute or chronic).
- Pain can also be categorized by underlying mechanism (nociceptive or neuropathic).
- Pain can be classified by situation (breakthrough, incident, or procedural).
Acute Pain
- Originates from a clear, definable injury or illness.
- Has a definite onset and limited, predictable duration.
- Associated with anxiety and sympathetic nervous system overactivity.
- Treatment focuses on the underlying cause, with short-term analgesics.
Chronic Pain
- Results from a chronic pathological process.
- Gradual or ill-defined onset, continuing unabated, and often lasting longer than expected healing time.
- Patient may appear depressed or withdrawn, and pain is often labeled as 'not looking like somebody in pain'.
- No protective benefits; has detrimental effects on the nervous system and psychological well-being.
- Treatment focuses on underlying cause, analgesics, and psychological support.
Nociceptive Pain
- Caused by stimulation of specific sensory receptors in intact tissues, such as skin, muscles, and organs.
- Somatic pain is superficial, sharp, and well-localized (in skin, mucous membranes, tendons/joints).
- Visceral pain is dull, poorly localized, and/or referred to a different body part (often associated with autonomic responses like sweating or nausea).
Neuropathic Pain
- Due to damage or dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system.
- Characterized by burning, shooting, aching sensations, and increased/altered sensitivity to stimuli (hyperalgesia or allodynia).
- Requires demonstrable nerve damage or a specific disorder for diagnosis. Not just a description.
Pain Classification: Situation
- Breakthrough pain: transient worsening of pain despite ongoing treatment.
- Incident pain: pain triggered by specific circumstances or activities (e.g. movement).
- Procedural pain: pain related to medical procedures.
Pain Assessment: PQRST
- Precipitating and relieving factors
- Quality of pain (description)
- Radiation of pain
- Site and severity of pain (using a scale)
- Timing and previous treatment
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
- Pain levels are measured on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 as no pain and 10 as the worst possible.
Wong-Baker FACES Scale
- A visual scale that uses faces to show different levels of pain, useful for children.
FLACC Scale
- This scale assesses pain in individuals who are unable to communicate verbally. It considers face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability.
Pain Management
- The management approach should be tailored to both the type and cause of pain.
- Treatment aims for pain relief, prevention of recurrence, and holistic well-being.
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, appropriately applied, are integral to pain management.
Treatment Principles: Taking Pain Seriously
- Oral pain relief is preferred when possible.
- Medications should be dosed based on the duration of the relief, not "as needed".
- Movement up the analgesic ladder should be considered if a single medication isn't working.
- Medication should be adjusted to address pain relief and side effects.
Non-Pharmacological Treatment
- Addresses psychological/cultural/social factors influencing pain.
- Complementary to pharmacological treatment.
- Techniques include reducing symptoms, affecting pain perception, assisting with relaxation, and improving sleep.
Specific Non-Pharmacological Techniques
- Surgery (treating the source of pain)
- Radiotherapy (to address pain due to tumor infiltration)
- Dance therapy
- Music therapy
- Acupuncture
- Physical therapy
- Positioning therapy
- Massage therapy
- Social support
- Spiritual support
- Relaxation techniques
- Hot/cold therapy
- Deep breathing
- Distraction
- Aromatherapy
- Herbs
- Reflexology
Summary Of Quiz Question Answers
- Patient pain assessment by: client's self-report, objective observation, behavioral assessment, numeric pain scale.
- Effective administration of analgesics for chronic pain: around the clock.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts and challenges in pain management, including definitions and various types of pain sensations. Test your knowledge on terms like allodynia, analgesia, and total pain, as well as the principles guiding effective pain management. Understand the complexities of pain beyond just physical aspects.
