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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain?
What is the definition of pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain?
What is the function of the substantia gelatinosa (SG) in the gate control theory?
What is the function of the substantia gelatinosa (SG) in the gate control theory?
What is the term for the process of managing pain by targeting descending pathways?
What is the term for the process of managing pain by targeting descending pathways?
What type of fibers are involved in the transmission of pain signals from the periphery to the spinal cord?
What type of fibers are involved in the transmission of pain signals from the periphery to the spinal cord?
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What is the term for the theory that explains how a stimulus that activates only non-nociceptive nerves can inhibit pain?
What is the term for the theory that explains how a stimulus that activates only non-nociceptive nerves can inhibit pain?
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What is the function of enkephalin in pain modulation?
What is the function of enkephalin in pain modulation?
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What is the term for the process of desensitizing peripheral nociceptors?
What is the term for the process of desensitizing peripheral nociceptors?
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What is the term for pain modulation that occurs above the level of the spinal cord?
What is the term for pain modulation that occurs above the level of the spinal cord?
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Study Notes
Pain Definition
- Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
- Defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain.
Pain Mechanism
- Sensation and nociception involve a three-neuron sequence: receptor or free nerve ending → 1st order neuron (A-β, A-δ, C fibers) → dorsal horn.
Descending Pathways
- Activity (excitatory or inhibitory) occurs after the cortex receives input.
- Pain can be managed by targeting descending pathways.
Pain Control Theories
Peripheral Pain Modulation
- Desensitize peripheral nociceptors to manage pain.
- Slow conduction velocity is usually achieved with cryotherapy.
Spinal Level Pain Modulation
- Gate control theory proposes a gating mechanism in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
- A-β, A-δ, and C fibers all synapse with 2nd order neurons in the dorsal horn.
- Substantia gelatinosa (SG) has inhibitory interneurons that inhibit transmission between 1st and 2nd order nociceptive neurons.
- Enkephalin interneurons release enkephalin, a natural opioid, to inhibit pain transmission.
- A-β impulses stimulate SG, resulting in enkephalin release and inhibition of A-δ and C fiber transmission to 2nd order neurons.
Pain Modulation
- Pain modulation involves both ascending and descending neural components.
- Supraspinal refers to modulation that occurs above the level of the spinal cord.
- Descending refers to modulation that travels from the brain to the spinal cord or brainstem.
Noxious Pain Modulation
- Noxious pain modulation involves the elicitation of C-fibers in af.
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Description
This quiz covers the definition and mechanisms of pain, including nociception, three-neuron sequence, and descending pathways.
