Pain Management and Drugs Overview

Drugs used to stop a migraine attack.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like aspirin, naproxen) can help mild-moderate migraines.

First-line drugs for stopping migraine attacks by constricting blood vessels.

Available as oral, nasal spray, and injection forms.

Used for severe migraine that doesn't respond to other treatments.

Avoid in those with heart problems (CAD), and during pregnancy.

Ergot alkaloids and other triptans can cause vasoconstriction when taken together.

A combination of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine, often used for migraine.

Drug combinations containing hydrocodone, often with other pain relievers like APAP (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen, used to treat moderate to severe pain and cough suppression.

Combination of hydrocodone (a pain reliever) and acetaminophen (APAP) used for pain relief and cough suppression. Available in different forms like immediate-release and extended-release.

Drug formulations designed to release medication over an extended period, providing a more constant level of relief during the day.

Drugs with a high potential for abuse; strict regulations are applied to their prescribing and dispensing.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common component in combination pain relievers found in most of the listed drugs.

Avoid hydrocodone during pregnancy unless deemed essential by healthcare providers, due to potential harm and side effects to developing fetus.

Hydrocodone use in elderly patients need special care due to slower metabolism and increased risk of side effects, especially affecting organ function.

Pain that is relatively manageable, doesn't significantly interfere with daily tasks, but warrants suitable treatment options.

Hydrocodone use in children is restricted and requires careful monitoring by healthcare professionals.

Hydrocodone affects hepatic (liver) function; patients with liver problems should carefully monitor effects and adjust drug doses accordingly.

Managing glaucoma involves drugs that lower intraocular pressure.

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye) often triggered by allergens.

Drugs applied directly to the skin's surface for localized treatment.

Potent anti-inflammatory drugs applied to the skin.

Drugs that cause exfoliation of the skin to remove dead surface cells.

External medications used to treat acne.

Medications taken by mouth to treat acne.

Substances applied to the skin to protect against UV radiation.

Chronic skin inflammation characterized by dryness, itching, and rash.

Medications used to remove warts from the skin

Topical antibiotic used to treat skin infections.

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Painful inflammation of the outer ear.

Antibiotics that are applied directly to the skin.

A Schedule II opioid analgesic used for both acute and chronic pain. It's a centrally acting drug that relieves pain by mimicking the effects of natural opioids.

Tapentadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, reducing pain signals sent to the brain.

Patients on Tapentadol need to be monitored carefully for signs of abuse, addiction, and drug interactions. Routine blood tests may be ordered to check for liver function.

Tapentadol is contraindicated in patients with severe breathing problems, those with a history of opioid addiction, and pregnant women.

Tapentadol can have serious interactions with other drugs like alcohol, antidepressants, and other medications. It's crucial to inform your doctor of all medications you're taking.

Patients need to understand the risks and benefits of using Tapentadol. Important information includes the necessity to store the medication safely, avoid alcohol, and monitor for potential side effects like drowsiness, nausea, and constipation.

Common side effects of Tapentadol include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, and headache. Some people may experience severe side effects like seizures or serious breathing problems.

This medication carries a black box warning due to the potential for misuse, abuse, addiction, and fatal overdose. It's vital to use Tapentadol as prescribed and to only use it for its intended purpose.

Severe, debilitating headaches that occur in groups or clusters, lasting for weeks or months, often with one headache happening every day during that cluster period.

Medications used to treat migraine headaches, working by constricting blood vessels in the brain.

Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and tingling in the hands and feet.

Triptans are contraindicated in individuals with coronary artery disease, uncontrolled high blood pressure, and certain types of heart rhythm problems.

Triptans work by narrowing blood vessels in the brain, which is thought to help relieve the pain of migraines.

A medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation in adults. It works by blocking opioid receptors in the gut, increasing bowel movements.

A medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation in adults. It specifically targets opioid receptors in the gut, minimizing effects on the central nervous system.

A medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation in adults. It works by blocking opioid receptors in the gut, promoting bowel regularity.

These medications are used to combat constipation caused by opioid medications. They selectively block opioid receptors in the gut, relieving constipation symptoms.

Patients with liver problems should be monitored closely when taking opioid receptor blockers, as these medications can affect liver function.

Opioid receptor blockers are generally not used for children due to limited safety and effectiveness data.

Use during pregnancy is carefully considered and only when absolutely necessary, as safety data is limited.

These medications can interact with other drugs, especially those that are also affected by liver enzymes.