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Questions and Answers
Which type of congenital heart disease is characterized by a continuous machine murmur?
Which type of congenital heart disease is characterized by a continuous machine murmur?
What is the most common acyanotic congenital heart defect?
What is the most common acyanotic congenital heart defect?
Which medication is typically used to manage cyanotic congenital heart defects?
Which medication is typically used to manage cyanotic congenital heart defects?
Which congenital heart defect is associated with 'boot-shaped heart' on CXR?
Which congenital heart defect is associated with 'boot-shaped heart' on CXR?
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What is the primary feature of Transposition of the Great Arteries?
What is the primary feature of Transposition of the Great Arteries?
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Which of the following statements about innocent murmurs is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about innocent murmurs is incorrect?
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What condition is characterized by an open duct between the pulmonary trunk and descending aorta?
What condition is characterized by an open duct between the pulmonary trunk and descending aorta?
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Which congenital heart defect typically presents first in newborns with significant cyanosis?
Which congenital heart defect typically presents first in newborns with significant cyanosis?
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What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in children?
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in children?
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At what age should an x-ray be performed for suspected idiopathic constipation?
At what age should an x-ray be performed for suspected idiopathic constipation?
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Which clinical feature is NOT associated with Kawasaki disease?
Which clinical feature is NOT associated with Kawasaki disease?
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What management is appropriate for a child with slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
What management is appropriate for a child with slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
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What condition is characterized by acute hip pain following a recent viral infection in children aged 3-8 years?
What condition is characterized by acute hip pain following a recent viral infection in children aged 3-8 years?
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What complication is associated with untreated slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
What complication is associated with untreated slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
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Which vaccine should be avoided in a child with an evolving neurological disorder?
Which vaccine should be avoided in a child with an evolving neurological disorder?
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What is a common radiological finding in a child with slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
What is a common radiological finding in a child with slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
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What is a contraindication for live vaccines?
What is a contraindication for live vaccines?
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Which physical examination finding is indicative of developmental dysplasia of the hip?
Which physical examination finding is indicative of developmental dysplasia of the hip?
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At what age should the first dose of the MMR vaccine be administered?
At what age should the first dose of the MMR vaccine be administered?
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What is the commonest cause of jaundice in infants aged 2-14 days?
What is the commonest cause of jaundice in infants aged 2-14 days?
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Which of the following would NOT be a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome?
Which of the following would NOT be a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome?
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What symptom is NOT associated with pyloric stenosis?
What symptom is NOT associated with pyloric stenosis?
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Which condition is characterized by café-au-lait spots and precocious puberty?
Which condition is characterized by café-au-lait spots and precocious puberty?
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What is a possible consequence of childhood obesity?
What is a possible consequence of childhood obesity?
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What is the recommended management for microcephaly in children?
What is the recommended management for microcephaly in children?
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Which of the following is a key feature of shaken baby syndrome?
Which of the following is a key feature of shaken baby syndrome?
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How is a urinary tract infection typically investigated in children under 6 months of age?
How is a urinary tract infection typically investigated in children under 6 months of age?
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What is a primary feature of pyloric stenosis in infants?
What is a primary feature of pyloric stenosis in infants?
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Study Notes
Paediatric Cardiology
- Congenital heart defects (CHD) are common
- Acyanotic defects include VSD, ASD, PDA, coarctation, and valve stenosis
- Cyanotic defects include tetralogy of Fallot, transposition, and tricuspid atresia
- Tetralogy of Fallot includes VSD, RVH, overriding aorta, and pulmonary stenosis
- Transposition of the great arteries involves the aorta and pulmonary artery being switched
- Symptoms of CHD can include poor feeding, shortness of breath, sweating, and hepatomegaly
Paediatric Gastro
- Idiopathic constipation is common in newborns
- Meconium is the first bowel movement and should pass within 48 hours of birth
- Faecal impaction occurs when stool becomes hard and compacted within the rectum
- Intussusception is a condition where one part of the intestine telescopes into another part
- Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital outpouching of the small intestine
Paediatric General
- Diarrhea is a common condition in children, often caused by rotavirus
- Acute diarrhea is commonly caused by rotavirus, with symptoms of fever and vomiting
- Chronic diarrhea can be caused by cow's milk intolerance and other food intolerances
Paediatric Respiratory
- Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants and young children, usually caused by RSV
- Symptoms of bronchiolitis include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath; usually resolves within 1 week
- Croup is another respiratory illness, commonly caused by viral infection, characterised by a barking cough and stridor
- Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs, and requires a doctor's consultation
- Symptoms of pneumonia in children include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain
Paediatric Dermatology
- Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin condition in children, usually caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and presents itself as itchy red rash
- Nappy rash can be caused by irritation, and includes candida or seborrheic dermatitis
- Psoriasis often shows as a chronic skin disorder, presenting itself as red, scaly rashes
Paediatric Neurology
- Benign rolandic epilepsy typically affects children ages 4–12; and seizures usually occur at night.
- Children with seizures may require an EEG test and/or imaging
- Meningitis is inflammation of the lining surrounding the brain and spinal cord(meninges), can cause seizures.
- Headache with severe symptoms require immediate medical attention
Paediatric Endocrinology
- Hypothyroidism in children is most often caused by an autoimmune thyroiditis condition
- Symptoms include growth retardation, developmental delays, and lethargy
Paediatric Oncology
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer
- Wilms' tumor is a kidney tumor, that occurs in children
Paediatric Infectious Diseases
- Chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella, and scarlet fever are common childhood infections, often requiring parental monitoring
Paediatric Musculoskeletal
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common birth defect
- Hip pain and disability can be caused by DDH; the severity can range from mild to severe
Paediatric Ophthalmology
- Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer in children
- The most common eye sign is a ‘leukocoria’ – white pupil when examining the eye.
- Most often diagnosed in infants - under the age of 3 years
Paediatric Vascular
- Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) can often be fixed in children under the age of 12 months
- Hypospadias is a birth defect where the urethra opening is on the underside of the penis
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of paediatric cardiology and gastroenterology with this comprehensive quiz. Topics covered include congenital heart defects and common gastrointestinal issues in children. Test your knowledge on conditions like tetralogy of Fallot, intussusception, and more.
