30 Questions
What is a potential complication of an unrepaired ASD in girls?
Embolism during pregnancy
Why is it essential to monitor the child for arrhythmias postoperatively?
Because of the risk of SA node dysfunction
What is the typical timeframe for closure of the ductus arteriosus?
Closure between 7 to 14 days of age
What is the effect of a PDA on the pulmonary circulation?
Increased pressure due to shunted blood
What is a common physical examination finding in children with a PDA?
Wide pulse pressure
What is the estimated incidence of PDA in preterm infants?
20% to 60%
What is a common trigger for syncope and hypercyanotic episodes in children with tetralogy of Fallot?
Prolonged crying or exertion
Where is the systolic murmur typically heard in children with tetralogy of Fallot?
Left second, third, or fourth parasternal interspace
Why does splitting of the second heart sound rarely occur in children with tetralogy of Fallot?
Because blood is forced through the shunt
What is the primary goal of management for children with tetralogy of Fallot before surgery?
To minimize hypercyanotic episodes
What is the underlying cause of rheumatic fever?
A group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
What is the typical age range for surgery to correct heart defects in children with tetralogy of Fallot?
At 1 to 2 years of age
What is the most likely place to observe cyanosis in infants?
Lips and buccal membrane
What does cyanosis persisting for over 20 minutes after birth suggest?
Serious cardiopulmonary dysfunction
A newborn's hemoglobin level is 28 g per 100 mL. What does this indicate?
Polycythemia
What does a decrease in cyanosis with crying suggest in infants?
Pulmonary dysfunction
What is a late sign of heart disease in children?
Edema
What is the primary reason for a ruddy complexion in some children with heart disease?
Overproduction of red blood cells
What is the primary indication of a child with a suspected heart disorder?
Poor weight gain and stunted growth
What is the threshold for tachycardia in an infant?
More than 160 beats per minute
What is the significance of a forceful and bounding pulse in a child with a suspected heart disorder?
It is a sign of cardiac insufficiency
What is the term for a heart murmur that is not caused by heart disease or a congenital defect?
Innocent heart murmur
What is the significance of a thready pulse in a child with a suspected heart disorder?
It is a sign of ineffective heart action
What is the characteristic of a pulse that is significant in a child with a suspected heart disorder?
It is rapid during sleep
Why should parents of children with structural heart defects ensure their children are given prophylactic antibiotics before visiting the dentist?
To prevent infections from dental procedures
What is a significant predictor of developing hypertension in childhood?
Genetic predisposition
Why have baby food manufacturers stopped adding salt and monosodium glutamate to infant food?
To prevent the development of hypertension
What role can school nurses play in reducing salt intake among school-age children?
Monitoring food served in school cafeterias
Which of the following foods is NOT high in sodium content?
Fresh fruits
At what stage of life can hypertension often develop if preventative measures are not taken?
Late childhood
Learn about the importance of repairing ASDs in girls, postoperative care, and the effects of patent ductus arteriosus on fetal development.
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