Sterile Compounding and Aseptic Techniques - CH 10

pH = a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution hypertonic = when a solution has a greater osmolarity than that of blood hypotonic = when a solution has a less osmolarity than that of blood isotonic = when a solution has an osmolarity equivalent to that of blood

osmotic pressure = a characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it pyrogens = chemicals produced by microorganisms that can cause pyretic reactions (fever) in patients additive = a drug that is added to a parenteral solution admixture = the resulting solution when a drug is added to a parenteral solution

diluent = a solvent that dissolves a lyophilized powder or dilutes a solution lyophilized = freeze-dried ready to mix = a specially designed minibag by which a drug is put into the SVP just prior to administration dialysis = movement of particles in a solution through permeable membranes

irrigation solution = a large volume splash solution used during a surgical or urologic procedures to bathe and moisten body tissues osmosis = the action in which a drug in a higher concentration solution passes through a permeable membrane to a lower concentration solution peritoneal dialysis solution = a solution placed in and emptied from the peritoneal cavity to remove toxic substances total nutrient admixture (TNA) solution = a TPN solution that contains intravenous fat emulsion

total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution = a complex solution with two base solutions (amino acids and dextrose) and additional micronutrients flashball = a flexible rubber bulb near the needle adapter used to determine if the needle is properly placed in the vein flow rate = the rate at which solution is administered to the patient heparin lock = an administration device used when a primary LVP solution is not available

piggyback = small volume solutions connected to an LVP HEPA filter = a high efficiency particulate air filter horizontal airflow workstation = a laminar flow workstation with horizontal airflow across the work area laminar flow = continuous movement at a uniform rate in one direction

Primary and Secondary Engineering Controls (PECs, SECs) = a device or room that provides appropriate air quality when compounding CSPs vertical airflow workstation = a laminar flow workstation with vertical airflow across the work area zone of turbulence = an area of blocked airflow in a laminar airflow workstation coring = when a needle damages the rubber closure of a parenteral container causing fragments of the closure to fall into the container and contaminate its contents

ampules = sealed glass containers with an elongated neck that must be snapped off before use bevel = an angled surface at the tip of a needle gauge = a measurement with needles; the higher the gauge, the smaller the lumen hub = the part of the needle that attaches to the syringe

lumen = the hollow enter of a needle shaft = the stem of the needle that provides the overall length of the needle Slip Tip, Luer-Lok, eccentric, oral = different types of syringe tips sharps = needles, jagged glass or metal objects, or any items that might puncture or cut the skin

depth filter = a filter that can filter solutions being drawn into or expelled from a syringe, but not both ways in the same procedure final filter = a filter placed immediately before a solution enters a patient's vein membrane filter = a filter that filters solution as the solution is expelled from the syringe nonviable particles = environmental or personnel particles that do not have microbial contamination associated with them

viable particles = particles that have microbial contamination associated with them anhydrous = without water molecules equivalent weight = a drug's molecular weight divided by its valence; a common measure of electrolyte concentration ions = molecular particles that carry electric charges

valence = the number of positive or negative charges on an ion waters of hydration = water molecules that attach to drug molecules a = b c = d

It is free from bacteria

The United States Pharmacopeia

Multivitamins, two 5 mL vials

volume control chamber

ISO Class 5 laminar airflow workstation

dust

help withdraw the solution by pressurizing the vial

reconstituting the lyophilized drug in the vial and adding it to the LVP

only prescored ampules can be used

can be prevented by initially angling the needle and moving upright when entering the vial

fill the syringe, hub, and needle with liquid and remove all air bubbles.

withdrawing solution from an ampule

particle contamination, precipitation

90%

Percentage weight per volume

the LAFW is only cleaned at the beginning and end of a shift

immediate use

an agent that removes or destroys vegetative forms of microorganisms on a surface

the time of day when the preparation is prepared

no work should be done within 6 inches of the front of the workstation

all of the above

some medications cause pain at the injection site

jewelry on the hands or wrists

all of the above

Put on shoe covers and hair bonnet

microorganisms

hypotonic

25-100 mL

additive; admixture

compounding aseptic containment isolator

the hub

filter needles

toward the operator

vertical air low down toward the work

small supplies should be placed closer to the HEPA filter

3/4

score the neck of the ampule with a fine file

0.05%

110.94

1

37.3 g