Routes and Formulations

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Match the terms

alveolar sacs (alveoli) = the small sacs of specialized tissue that transfer oxygen out of inspired air into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood and into the air for exhalation aqueous = water based biocompatible = not irritating; does not promote infection or abscess buccal = pouch between the teeth and cheek in the mouth

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buffer system = ingredients in a formulation designed to control the pH colloids = particles up to a hundred times smaller than those in suspensions that are, however, also suspended in a solution conjuctiva = the eyelid lining contraceptive = device or formulation designed to prevent pregnancy

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depot = the area in the muscle where the formulation is injected during an intramuscular injection diluent = solvent that dissolves a freeze dried powder or diluents a solution disintegration = the breaking apart of a tablet into smaller pieces dissolution = when the smaller pieces of a disintegrated tablet dissolve in solution

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emulsifier = a stabilizing agent in emulsions emulsions = mixture of two non-miscible liquids where one is dispersed throughout the other as tiny droplets hemorrhoid = painful swollen veins in the anal/rectal area, generally caused by strained bowel movements from hard stools hydrates = absorbs water Signup and view all the answers

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injectability = the ease of flow when a suspension is injected into a patient intrauterine device (IUD) = an intrauterine contraceptive device that is placed in the uterus for a prolonged period of time lacrimal canaliculi = the tear ducts lacrimal gland = the gland that produces tears for the eye Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms

local effect = when drug activity is at the site of administration nasal cavity = the cavity behind the nose and above the roof of the mouth that filters air and moves mucus and inhaled contaminants outward and away from the lungs nasal inhaler = a device that contains a drug that is vaporized by inhalation nasal mucosa = the cellular lining of the nose Signup and view all the answers

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necrosis = increase in cell death ophthalmic = related to the eye percutaneous absorption = the absorption of drugs through the skin, often for systemic effect pH = measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance Signup and view all the answers

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Solution = a clear liquid made up of one or more substances dissolved in a solvent sterile = a condition that is free of all microorganisms stratum corneum = the outermost cell layer of the epidermis sublingual = under the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Terms

syringeability = the ease with which a suspension can be drawn from a container into a syringe systemic effect = when a drug is introduced into the circulatory system and carried to the site of activity viscosity = a measure of a liquid's thickness or resistance to flow water soluble = able to dissolve in water Signup and view all the answers

Wheal is a raised, blister-like area on the skin caused by intradermal injection

True Signup and view all the answers

A parenteral route of administration means that the route of administration is

next to or beside the enteral tract Signup and view all the answers

A dissolution step would not be necessary for drug absorption from a/an

oral syrup Signup and view all the answers

Modified release tablets might be called

all of the above Signup and view all the answers

Nonaqueous solutions often contain glycerin, alcohol, and

propylene glycol Signup and view all the answers

An oral liquid formulation in which one non-miscible liquid is dispersed throughout another in the form of small droplets is called

an emulsion Signup and view all the answers

A gel is characterized by

a 3D network of particles Signup and view all the answers

Which will not be caused by particulate material in an intravenous injection?

air emboli Signup and view all the answers

A raised, blister-like area on the skin caused from an intradermal injection is called a

wheal Signup and view all the answers

The average tear volume in the eye in 10 microliter. The average drop size from an eye dropper is ______ microliter.

50 Signup and view all the answers

Do not use an ophthalmic solution if it

all of the above Signup and view all the answers

What percent of the administered ophthalmic solution is delivered to the eye?

20 % Signup and view all the answers

When administering a nasal spray

breathe through the nostril while spraying the solution Signup and view all the answers

The role of an inhalation spacer is to

allow the patient to separate actuation from inhalation by seconds Signup and view all the answers

Dermal formulations can deliver about _____ mg/hr of active drug

2 Signup and view all the answers

The primary reason to use a vaginal applicator is to

place the formulation high in the vaginal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a true statement about vaginal administrations and or formulation?

it cannot provide long term absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false?

Rectal suppositories are intended to spread around the anal opening Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following absorption rate rankings (from fastest to slowest) is correct when considering IM administration?

aqueous solution > oleaginous solutions > colloids > suspensions Signup and view all the answers

When administering ophthalmic drops, why is instilling two drops at a time not recommended?

The second drop will be lost in spillage Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is not a reason to use parenteral routes of administration

a drug is rapidly absorbed when orally administered Signup and view all the answers

In subcutaneous administration

the site of injection is often rotated Signup and view all the answers

Tablets generally contain ingredients in addition to the active drug. Which statement is not true?

they increase the dissolution time of the active drug Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of using a solution or tincture for dermal applications?

the formulation will not remain on the skin for an extended period of time Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is not true about intranasal and inhalation administration?

subjects the active drug to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Some routes of administration are selected because the active drug will provide a localized effect. But often, a systemic effect is also seen. How can this happen?

The route of administration has a large blood supply and some of the active drug is absorbed into the system circulation Signup and view all the answers

You have received a prescription for a sublingual tablet for risperadol, but you only have the immediate-release tablets of the same strength in the stock. You are questioning whether you can substitute the immediate release for the SL tablet. Which statement is false?

the immediate release tablet can only be swallowed Signup and view all the answers

What route of administration will give the highest blood concentration in the shortest time?

intravenous Signup and view all the answers

Buccal administration is a parenteral route of administration

False Signup and view all the answers

Oral administration is the most frequently used route of administration

True Signup and view all the answers

With oral formulations, drugs administered by solid dosage forms generally reach the systemic circulation faster than liquid dosage forms

False Signup and view all the answers

The stomach has a pH of around 1 or 2

True Signup and view all the answers

In an emulsion, if the oleaginous component is present as droplets, the emulsions is called water-in-oil

False Signup and view all the answers

Phlebitis can be a complication of intravenous adminsitration

True Signup and view all the answers

the needle length for subcutaneous injection is generally 3/8 to 1 inch

True Signup and view all the answers

It takes about 20 seconds for an intravenously administered drug to circulate throughout the body

True Signup and view all the answers

Toxic shock syndrome is a disease caused by a bacterial infection

True Signup and view all the answers

_____ tablets are placed un the tongue

sublingual Signup and view all the answers

The pH of the stomach is around

1-2 Signup and view all the answers

_______ injections are administered directly into veins

intravenous Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of a vein us also known as ______ and can be a complication associated with intravenous administration

phlebitis Signup and view all the answers

The gradual intravenous injection of a volume of fluid into a patient is called

infusion Signup and view all the answers

The most common kind of oral solution

capsules Signup and view all the answers

______ contain (s) the active drug in a small powder paper or foil envelope

bulk powder Signup and view all the answers

Most frequently used as flavoring agents

spirits or essences Signup and view all the answers

A device that goes between an aerosol's mouthpiece and the patient's mouth is a/an

spacer Signup and view all the answers

Routes and Formulations - CH 8

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Questions and Answers

Match the terms

Match the terms

Match terms

Match terms

Match terms

Match the terms

Match terms

Match the terms

Terms

Wheal is a raised, blister-like area on the skin caused by intradermal injection

A parenteral route of administration means that the route of administration is

A dissolution step would not be necessary for drug absorption from a/an

Modified release tablets might be called

Nonaqueous solutions often contain glycerin, alcohol, and

An oral liquid formulation in which one non-miscible liquid is dispersed throughout another in the form of small droplets is called

A gel is characterized by

Which will not be caused by particulate material in an intravenous injection?

A raised, blister-like area on the skin caused from an intradermal injection is called a

The average tear volume in the eye in 10 microliter. The average drop size from an eye dropper is ______ microliter.

Do not use an ophthalmic solution if it

What percent of the administered ophthalmic solution is delivered to the eye?

When administering a nasal spray

The role of an inhalation spacer is to

Dermal formulations can deliver about _____ mg/hr of active drug

The primary reason to use a vaginal applicator is to

Which is not a true statement about vaginal administrations and or formulation?

Which statement is false?

Which of the following absorption rate rankings (from fastest to slowest) is correct when considering IM administration?

When administering ophthalmic drops, why is instilling two drops at a time not recommended?

Which statement is not a reason to use parenteral routes of administration

In subcutaneous administration

Tablets generally contain ingredients in addition to the active drug. Which statement is not true?

What is a major disadvantage of using a solution or tincture for dermal applications?

Which statement is not true about intranasal and inhalation administration?

Some routes of administration are selected because the active drug will provide a localized effect. But often, a systemic effect is also seen. How can this happen?

You have received a prescription for a sublingual tablet for risperadol, but you only have the immediate-release tablets of the same strength in the stock. You are questioning whether you can substitute the immediate release for the SL tablet. Which statement is false?

What route of administration will give the highest blood concentration in the shortest time?

Buccal administration is a parenteral route of administration

Oral administration is the most frequently used route of administration

With oral formulations, drugs administered by solid dosage forms generally reach the systemic circulation faster than liquid dosage forms

The stomach has a pH of around 1 or 2

In an emulsion, if the oleaginous component is present as droplets, the emulsions is called water-in-oil

Phlebitis can be a complication of intravenous adminsitration

the needle length for subcutaneous injection is generally 3/8 to 1 inch

It takes about 20 seconds for an intravenously administered drug to circulate throughout the body

Toxic shock syndrome is a disease caused by a bacterial infection

_____ tablets are placed un the tongue

The pH of the stomach is around

_______ injections are administered directly into veins

Inflammation of a vein us also known as ______ and can be a complication associated with intravenous administration

The gradual intravenous injection of a volume of fluid into a patient is called

The most common kind of oral solution

______ contain (s) the active drug in a small powder paper or foil envelope

Most frequently used as flavoring agents

A device that goes between an aerosol's mouthpiece and the patient's mouth is a/an

_________ absorption is the absorption of drugs through the skin, often for systemic effect

A local effect achieved by rectal administration

The most common injection route for insulin is

Devices that have special metering valves to administer drugs by inhalation

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