P-Block Elements Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an allotropic form of carbon?

  • Quartz
  • Sodium
  • Borosilicate
  • Graphite (correct)

    • The oxidation state of a p-block element increases towards the left of the periodic table.

    False

    What are the important groups in the periodic table discussed in the content?

    Group 13 and Group 14

    The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to the total number of _________.

    <p>valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their family:

    <p>Boron = Boron family Carbon = Carbon family Nitrogen = Nitrogen family Silicon = Silicon family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property varies greatly among elements in a p-block?

    <p>Ionization enthalpy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lighter elements in the boron and carbon families have the group oxidation state as their most stable state.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to differ in the inner core of elements, influencing their properties?

    <p>Atomic and ionic radii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect is attributed to the stability of oxidation states that are two units less than the group oxidation states?

    <p>Inert pair effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All members of the p-block have the same oxidation states.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general electronic configuration of group 14 elements in the p-block?

    <p>ns2np2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxidation state of group 15 elements can be _____, +5, and -3.

    <p>+3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the group with its corresponding highest oxidation state:

    <p>Group 13 = +3 Group 14 = +4 Group 15 = +5 Group 16 = +6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical oxidation state for group 16 elements?

    <p>+3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavier elements in a group tend to have more stable oxidation states that are two units less than their group oxidation states.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the first member of group 17 in the p-block.

    <p>Fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of non-metallic character in p-block elements as you move down a group?

    <p>Non-metallic character decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heaviest element in each p-block group is typically the most metallic in nature.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the transition from non-metallic to metallic character in p-block elements?

    <p>The effect of d-orbitals in the valence shell of heavier elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In contrast to metals, non-metals readily form __________.

    <p>anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their block in the periodic table:

    <p>Boron = p-block Lithium = s-block Aluminum = p-block Beryllium = s-block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements in p-block typically have a maximum covalence of four?

    <p>Second period elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-metals generally exhibit lower ionisation enthalpies compared to metals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electronic configuration do third period p-group elements typically have?

    <p>3s²3p</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are formed primarily between non-metals themselves?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-metal oxides are generally acidic or basic in nature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the character of compounds formed by highly reactive non-metals with highly reactive metals?

    <p>Ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of _____ influences the ability of heavier non-metals to form π bonds.

    <p>d orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions can aluminium form?

    <p>[AlF6]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first member of a periodic group has the same ability to form π bonds as its heavier members.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of size and the availability of d orbitals on heavier non-metals?

    <p>Increases the ability to form π bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ions with their corresponding metals or non-metals:

    <p>[BF4] = Boron [AlF6] = Aluminium N≡N = Nitrogen C=C = Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of orbitals do heavier p-block elements use to form π bonds?

    <p>d orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavier p-block elements have a simpler electronic structure compared to lighter ones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which oxidation state does nitrogen form the oxoanion NO3?

    <p>+5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electronic configuration of gallium includes _____ d-electrons.

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the elements with their corresponding characteristics.

    <p>Boron = Noble gas core Aluminium = Noble gas core Gallium = Noble gas plus 10 d-electrons Thallium = Noble gas plus 14 f-electrons plus 10 d-electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oxoanions involves a coordination number of four?

    <p>PO4^3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dπ–pπ bonding contributes significantly to the stability of heavier p-block molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the π bond involving in the oxoanion PO4^3-?

    <p>s, p, and d orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily makes carbon monoxide (CO) poisonous?

    <p>It inhibits the function of hemoglobin in blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Boric acid does not dissolve in water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when aluminium is treated with dilute NaOH?

    <p>Hydrogen gas is released, and sodium aluminate is formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aluminium alloys are commonly used to make _______ body.

    <p>aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactions with their outcomes:

    <p>Borax heated strongly = Forms boron compounds and water Boric acid in water = Forms a weak acid solution Silicon with methyl chloride = Forms silicon compounds Silicon dioxide with hydrogen fluoride = Produces silicon tetrafluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about allotropes is true?

    <p>Diamond has a tetrahedral structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thallium exhibits similarities to both aluminium and group I metals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ionization enthalpy decreases dramatically from ______ to silicon.

    <p>carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    P-Block Elements

    • Objectives:

      • Appreciate general trends in p-block element chemistry
      • Describe trends in physical and chemical properties of groups 13 & 14 elements.
      • Explain anomalous behavior of boron and carbon.
      • Describe allotropic forms of carbon.
      • Understand the chemistry of important boron, carbon, and silicon compounds.
      • List important uses of group 13 & 14 elements and their compounds.

    • Variation in Properties:

      • The variation in p-block element properties is due to the influence of d and f electrons in the heavier elements.

    • Electronic Configuration:

      • The last electron in p-block elements enters a p orbital.
      • The maximum number of electrons accommodated in a set of p orbitals is six.
      • There are six groups of p-block elements (13-18) with valence shell electronic configuration ns(2)np(1-6) (except He).
      • Inner core electronic configuration influences physical properties (atomic/ionic radii, ionization enthalpy).

    • Oxidation States:

      • Maximum oxidation state of a p-block element equals its total valence electrons
      • Oxidation states two less than the group oxidation state are more stable for heavier elements.
      • Inert pair effect explains the occurrence of those lower oxidation states.

    • Periodic Trends:

      • Nonmetallic character decreases down a group in p-block.
      • Heavier elements in each group are more metallic.
      • Nonmetals have higher ionization enthalpies and electronegativities.
      • Nonmetals form anions, metals form cations.
      • Compounds between nonmetals are largely covalent.
      • Nonmetal oxides are acidic or neutral; metal oxides are basic.

    • First Member Anomalies:

      • The first member of each p-block group differs from heavier members due to smaller size, higher electronegativity, higher ionization enthalpy, and unavailability of d orbitals.
      • Limited covalence, ability to form π bonds (d–p or d–d).
      • First members have coordination number that is greater than the heavier member.

    • Group 13 (Boron Family):

      • Boron is a typical nonmetal.
      • Aluminium is a metal with boron-like chemistry.
      • Gallium, indium, and thallium are metals.
      • Boron, aluminium forms trihalides.
      • Boron trihalide is a Lewis acid.
      • Aluminium trihalide undergoes dimerization.

    • Group 14 (Carbon Family):

      • Carbon is a nonmetal and widely distributed.
      • Silicon, germanium, tin, and lead are increasingly metallic down the group.
      • Carbon has oxidation states of +2 and +4.
      • Compounds are mostly covalent.
      • Carbon has allotropes: diamond, graphite, fullerenes.
      • Silicon forms SiO₂, a network solid.

    • Important Compounds:

      • Many compounds like borax, orthoboric acid, diborane, silicon dioxide (silica), and various oxides/chlorides of carbon are important in various applications.
      • Compounds are widely used in ceramics, glass, industrial catalysts, and many other applications.

    • Allotropes of Carbon:

      • Diamond: Hard, high melting point, tetrahedral structure of carbon atoms.
      • Graphite: Soft, layered structure, conducts electricity, weaker bonds between layers.
      • Fullerenes: Spherical cage-like structures, sp² hybridized carbon atoms.

    • Uses of Boron and Aluminum:

      • Boron: Fibers in high-strength composites, nuclear applications
      • Aluminium: Extensive use in industry due to its low density and high conductivity (alloys).
      • Used in packing, utensils, construction and various other applications.

    • Reactivity Trends:

      • Reactivity of p-block metals towards air, acids, bases and halogens demonstrates trends varying across groups, in particular for first members.
      • Heavier members tend to be more metallic.

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    The p-Block Elements PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the chemical properties and trends of p-block elements, specifically groups 13 and 14. It covers electronic configurations, anomalous behaviors, allotropic forms of carbon, and the important compounds and uses of these elements. Test your understanding of various concepts related to p-block elements.

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