Ozone Exposure Effects Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of lung cancer and leukaemia due to indoor air pollution?

Radon exposure (correct)

Asbestos inhalation

Phosphogypsum contamination

Volatile ash particles

Which construction material, commonly found in buildings, contributes significantly to lung diseases like asbestosis and lung cancer?

Concrete

Asbestos (correct)

Phosphogypsum

Volatile ash

What is the average radium concentration in building materials?

150 Bq/kg

50 Bq/kg

100 Bq/kg (correct)

200 Bq/kg

Which type of cancer is almost exclusively caused by exposure to asbestos?

Mesothelioma Signup and view all the answers

How are humans exposed to radon and its decay products that can lead to lung cancer?

Through inhalation of atmospheric air Signup and view all the answers

What are some specific hazards in confined spaces as mentioned in the text?

House dust mites and other mites Signup and view all the answers

How can pathogens be transmitted in the 'home' environment?

Via direct human-animal contact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common pathogenic bacteria mentioned in the text?

Legionella sp. Signup and view all the answers

What can be sources of chemical compounds affecting air quality in confined spaces?

Volatile organic compounds from refrigerating units Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to building-related illnesses as mentioned in the text?

Moisture Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor contributing to increased resistance of bacteria and/or fungi in biofilms to chemical agents?

Production of a protective extracellular substance and enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)?

Symptoms are specific and easily linked to one factor Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a set of symptoms associated with physical and mental discomfort experienced in a building?

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Signup and view all the answers

Why are biofilms associated with increased resistance to chemical agents?

Mutual protectionist interactions among species Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of users must attribute their malaise symptoms to a building for it to be classified as a 'sick building'?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inhalation of air with a concentration of 0.16% volumetric CO?

Tissue hypoxia leading to death Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) during combustion processes?

Incomplete combustion of fuels like wood and oil Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of radon (Rn) that makes it a concern for indoor air quality?

It is a naturally occurring noble gas Signup and view all the answers

How can radon from the ground enter indoor environments?

Through gaps in floors or walls Signup and view all the answers

Why is it particularly dangerous to have closed or sealed windows in apartments during the winter?

Lack of fresh air supply can lead to harmful indoor pollutants Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms related to staying indoors according to the text?

Dry eyes and throat, skin irritation, headache Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) as per the text?

Operation of electromagnetic fields Signup and view all the answers

How can the diagnosis of SBS be established according to the text?

Based on immediate resolution of symptoms after leaving the building Signup and view all the answers

What is an important observation in the diagnosis of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) based on the text?

Similar symptoms among individuals sharing the same space Signup and view all the answers

What environmental problems contribute to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) based on the text?

Presence of mites, insects, fungi, bacteria, and chemical agents Signup and view all the answers

What are the first symptoms of short-term exposure to ozone?

Throat irritation and cough Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following long-term effects can result from exposure to low ozone concentrations?

Extensive changes in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of acute poisoning due to ozone exposure?

Lung edema and death Signup and view all the answers

In chronic exposure to ozone, which symptoms are commonly observed?

Eye irritation and tearing Signup and view all the answers

Which group of fungi is known for causing infections in smooth skin, hairy skin, hair, and nails?

Dermatophytes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes building-related illnesses (BRIs) from sick building syndrome (SBS)?

BRIs are less common and more serious in prognosis than SBS. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a building-related illness (BRI)?

Bacterial pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

How is medical diagnosis of building-related illnesses usually carried out?

Based on symptoms observed in patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of carbon monoxide that poses a threat to health and life?

It forms a stable combination with hemoglobin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the affinity of carbon monoxide for hemoglobin compared to oxygen?

$250$ times greater Signup and view all the answers

Why does carbon monoxide threaten health and life?

It forms carboxyhemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms may be associated with building-related illnesses?

$ ext{Breathing difficulties}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a long latency period in building-related illnesses?

$ ext{It suggests an asymptomatic phase before clinical symptoms appear.}$ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abiotic Factors

Unfavourable abiotic factors in the external environment include temperature, moisture, solar radiation, noise, dusts, and chemical pollution of air
In the "home" environment, there is an inter-individual transmission of pathogens - direct (droplet path, direct human-human or human-animal contact) or indirect (dusts carrying pathogens, common items, sanitary utensils, etc.)

Biological Factors

Microscopic fungi, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and dermatophytes, are common in humid rooms
Dermatophytes can cause infections of smooth and hairy skin, hair, and nails, and are recognized by about 40 species representing the group of dermatophytes
Important genera of dermatophytes include Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton

Chemical Factors

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless and odourless, highly poisonous gas that can threaten health and life
CO forms carboxyhaemoglobin, which is more stable than oxyhaemoglobin, and has an affinity for haemoglobin about 250 times greater than oxygen
Carbon monoxide can cause death in concentrations above 0.16% volumetric after two hours of inhalation
Radon (Rn) is a naturally occurring, colourless and odourless noble gas that can penetrate into basements of buildings through gaps in floors or walls and installation leaks
Radon and its products can cause lung cancer and leukaemia

BRIs are less common than Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and by definition are more serious in prognosis than mere discomfort
BRIs include diseases caused by toxic factors (carbon monoxide poisoning, exposure to radon - lung cancer), infectious diseases (Legionnaires' disease, Pontiac fever, humidifier fever), and allergic diseases (asthma, hay fever, hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
Medical diagnosis based on clinical investigation of symptoms is the usual method for recognizing BRIs
BRIs generally require a prolonged recovery time or may become a chronic problem for a patient, even when they are no longer exposed to the aetiological factor

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)

SBS is a set of symptoms of physical and mental discomfort that cannot be associated with any specific factor
Symptoms of SBS include dryness and irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, throat, and skin, headache and dizziness, nausea and heartburn, among others
SBS is recognized by identification of indoor air quality (IAQ) environmental problems or higher combined symptom rates among a group of building occupants
There are no clinical tests available to establish the diagnosis of SBS

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Description

Test your knowledge on the effects of ozone exposure, from short-term irritations to long-term lung damage and acute poisoning. Learn about the symptoms and potential risks associated with different levels of ozone concentration.